Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.
Exp Brain Res. 2013 Aug;228(4):437-43. doi: 10.1007/s00221-013-3575-4. Epub 2013 May 29.
Heuristics through the application of heuristic knowledge to the creation of imitation devices may be one of the most common processes in scientific innovation. In particular, heuristics suggests that innovation includes the automatic activation of heuristic knowledge and formation of novel associations between heuristic knowledge and problem situations. In this study, 76 scientific innovation problem situations were selected as materials. Among these, 36 contain related heuristic knowledge and 40 have no such information. Through functional magnetic resonance imaging, the learning-testing paradigm was used to explore the brain mechanisms of scientific problem finding inspired by heuristic knowledge. Participants were asked to find a problem on the basis of a given innovation problem situation. Two scenarios were presented: finding scientific problems with related heuristic knowledge and finding conventional problems without related heuristic knowledge. The authors assumed that the regions in the brain significantly activated by the finding scientific problems with related heuristic knowledge condition compared with the finding normal problems without related heuristic knowledge condition are relevant to the brain mechanisms of scientific problem finding inspired by heuristic knowledge. The first scenario more significantly activated the left precuneus and left angular gyrus than did the second scenario. These findings suggest that the precuneus is relevant to the successful storage and retrieval of heuristic knowledge and that the left angular gyrus is involved in the formation of novel associations between heuristic knowledge and problem situations for finding scientific problems.
启发式通过将启发式知识应用于模仿设备的创建中，可能是科学创新中最常见的过程之一。特别是，启发式表明创新包括启发式知识的自动激活以及启发式知识与问题情境之间新颖关联的形成。在这项研究中，选择了 76 个科学创新问题情境作为材料。其中，36 个包含相关的启发式知识，40 个则没有此类信息。通过功能磁共振成像，使用学习-测试范式来探索受启发式知识启发的科学问题发现的大脑机制。要求参与者根据给定的创新问题情境找到一个问题。呈现了两种情况：寻找具有相关启发式知识的科学问题和寻找没有相关启发式知识的常规问题。作者假设，与寻找没有相关启发式知识的常规问题相比，与寻找具有相关启发式知识的科学问题相关的大脑区域显著激活。与第二种情况相比，第一种情况更显著地激活了左顶叶后扣带回和左角回。这些发现表明，顶叶后扣带回与启发式知识的成功存储和检索有关，而左角回则参与了启发式知识与问题情境之间新颖关联的形成，以找到科学问题。
