Joseph R
Department of Paediatrics, National University Hospital, Singapore.
Singapore Med J. 1990 Apr;31(2):166-70.
Birth asphyxia is frequent and often severe, occurring in about 10% and 1% respectively of all births; in a third it is unexpected. Delivery rooms must be organised and equipped and trained staff readily available so as to provide appropriate and timely resuscitation of the newborn. Simple procedures designed to prevent hypothermia, maintain a patent airway, improve oxygenation and ventilation are sufficient for the majority of babies. Circulatory support and biochemical resuscitation will be needed in a few. In the absence of other abnormalities, the long term prognosis for newborns who respond promptly to resuscitation is good. Every baby, no matter how severely asphyxiated must therefore be promptly and vigorously resuscitated. Only those with a Apgar score of less than 4 at 10 minutes, prolonged hypotonia or seizures have a poor prognosis. With the needs in cardio-pulmonary resuscitation understood and met, research is now being directed at neuroresuscitation.
新生儿窒息很常见，且往往较为严重，分别约占所有分娩的10%和1%；其中三分之一是意外发生的。产房必须组织有序、设备齐全且配备训练有素的工作人员，以便为新生儿提供适当且及时的复苏。对于大多数婴儿来说，旨在预防体温过低、保持气道通畅、改善氧合和通气的简单程序就足够了。少数情况下需要循环支持和生化复苏。在没有其他异常的情况下，对复苏迅速做出反应的新生儿长期预后良好。因此，每个婴儿，无论窒息多么严重，都必须迅速且有力地进行复苏。只有那些10分钟时阿氏评分低于4分、持续性肌张力低下或癫痫发作的婴儿预后较差。随着心肺复苏的需求得到理解和满足，现在研究正转向神经复苏。
