Steenkamp H J, Jooste P L, Rossouw J E, Benadé A J, Swanepoel A S
Research Institute for Nutritional Diseases of the South African Medical Research Council, Parowvallei, CP.
S Afr Med J. 1990 Jul 21;78(2):85-8.
The risk factor and dietary associations of hypercholesterolaemia were analysed. Twenty per cent of the 6,332 respondents aged 20-64 years in the Coronary Risk Factor Study (CORIS) were considered hypercholesterolaemic (i.e. above the 80th percentile). In this sample only 13.4% of men and 6.7% of women were on treatment, and only 32.7% and 37.1% respectively had 'desirable' high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Hypercholesterolaemia was significantly associated with a personal or family history of coronary heart disease, hypertension, smoking, obesity and hyperuricaemia. Analysis of the dietary intakes of a 15% subsample of the total population revealed no significant differences between high- and low-risk subjects in intake of dietary fats and cholesterol. However, high-risk subjects consumed significantly more animal protein and significantly less dietary fibre than those with a low cholesterol level. These findings reflect a subpopulation at high risk of coronary heart disease. Their risk can be reduced to some extent by population strategies towards healthier lifestyles; ultimately the high-risk individuals have to be identified and appropriately treated.
对高胆固醇血症的风险因素和饮食关联进行了分析。在冠心病风险因素研究（CORIS）中，6332名年龄在20至64岁的受访者中有20%被认为患有高胆固醇血症（即高于第80百分位数）。在这个样本中，只有13.4%的男性和6.7%的女性正在接受治疗，分别只有32.7%和37.1%的人具有“理想的”高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。高胆固醇血症与冠心病、高血压、吸烟、肥胖和高尿酸血症的个人或家族病史显著相关。对总人口15%子样本的饮食摄入量分析显示，高风险和低风险受试者在膳食脂肪和胆固醇摄入量方面没有显著差异。然而，高风险受试者比胆固醇水平低的受试者摄入的动物蛋白显著更多，膳食纤维显著更少。这些发现反映了一个冠心病高风险亚人群。通过针对更健康生活方式的人群策略，他们的风险可以在一定程度上降低；最终必须识别出高风险个体并进行适当治疗。
