Au Ricky K C, Ono Fuminori, Watanabe Katsumi
Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Adv Cogn Psychol. 2013 Mar 15;9(1):20-31. doi: 10.2478/v10053-008-0128-7. Print 2013.
Previous studies have reported retrospective influences of visual events that occur after target events. In the attentional attraction effect, a position cue presented after a target stimulus distorts the target's position towards that of the cue. The present study explored the temporal relationship between stimulus presentation and reaction time (RT) in this effect in two experiments. Participants performed a speeded localization task on two vertical lines, the positions of which were to be distorted by an additional attentional cue. No significant difference in RTs was found between the conditions with simultaneous and delayed cues. RTRT was modulated by the perceived (rather than physical) alignment of the lines. In Experiment 2, we manipulated the strength of attentional capture by modulating the color relevance of the cue to the target. Trials with cues producing stronger attentional capture (with cues of a different color from the targets) were found to induce apparently stronger distortion effects. This result favors the notion that the observed repulsion and attraction effects are driven by attentional mechanisms. Overall, the results imply that the attentional shift induced by the cue might occur rapidly and complete before the establishment of conscious location representation of the cue and the target without affecting overall response time.
先前的研究报告了目标事件之后发生的视觉事件的回顾性影响。在注意力吸引效应中，目标刺激之后呈现的位置线索会使目标的位置向线索的位置扭曲。本研究通过两个实验探讨了这种效应中刺激呈现与反应时间（RT）之间的时间关系。参与者对两条垂直线执行了快速定位任务，这两条线的位置会因额外的注意力线索而扭曲。同时呈现线索和延迟呈现线索的条件下，反应时间没有显著差异。反应时间受线条的感知（而非物理）对齐方式的调节。在实验2中，我们通过调节线索与目标的颜色相关性来操纵注意力捕获的强度。发现线索产生更强注意力捕获的试验（线索与目标颜色不同）会引发明显更强的扭曲效应。这一结果支持了这样一种观点，即观察到的排斥和吸引效应是由注意力机制驱动的。总体而言，结果表明线索引起的注意力转移可能在意识中线索和目标的位置表征建立之前迅速发生并完成，而不会影响整体反应时间。
