Division of Plant Microbe Interactions, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2013 Jul;97(13):5659-68. doi: 10.1007/s00253-013-4885-y. Epub 2013 May 30.
The field of allelopathy is one of the most fascinating but controversial processes in plant ecology that offers an exciting, interdisciplinary, complex, and challenging study. In spite of the established role of soil microbes in plant health, their role has also been consolidated in studies of allelopathy. Moreover, allelopathy can be better understood by incorporating soil microbial ecology that determines the relevance of allelopathy phenomenon. Therefore, while discussing the role of allelochemicals in plant-plant interactions, the dynamic nature of soil microbes should not be overlooked. The occurrence and toxicity of allelochemicals in soil depend on various factors, but the type of microflora in the surroundings plays a crucial role because it can interfere with its allelopathic nature. Such microbes could be of prime importance for biological control management of weeds reducing the cost and ill effects of chemical herbicides. Among microbes, our main focus is on bacteria--as they are dominant among other microbes and are being used for enhancing crop production for decades--and fungi. Hence, to refer to both bacteria and fungi, we have used the term microbes. This review discusses the beneficial role of microbes in reducing the allelopathic effects of weeds. The review is mainly focused on various functions of bacteria in (1) reducing allelopathic inhibition caused by weeds to reduce crop yield loss, (2) building inherent defense capacity in plants against allelopathic weed, and (3) deciphering beneficial rhizospheric process such as chemotaxis/biofilm, degradation of toxic allelochemicals, and induced gene expression.
化感作用领域是植物生态学中最迷人但最具争议的过程之一，它提供了一个令人兴奋的、跨学科的、复杂的和具有挑战性的研究。尽管土壤微生物在植物健康中的作用已经得到确立，但它们在化感作用研究中的作用也得到了巩固。此外，通过纳入决定化感作用现象相关性的土壤微生物生态学，可以更好地理解化感作用。因此，在讨论化感物质在植物-植物相互作用中的作用时，不应忽视土壤微生物的动态性质。化感物质在土壤中的发生和毒性取决于各种因素，但周围的微生物区系类型起着至关重要的作用，因为它可以干扰其化感性质。这些微生物对于杂草的生物防治管理可能非常重要，可以降低化学除草剂的成本和不良影响。在微生物中，我们主要关注细菌——因为它们在其他微生物中占主导地位，并已被用于提高作物产量数十年——和真菌。因此，为了同时提到细菌和真菌，我们使用了“微生物”一词。这篇综述讨论了微生物在减轻杂草化感作用中的有益作用。综述主要集中在细菌的各种功能上，包括：(1)减少杂草引起的化感抑制，从而减少作物产量损失；(2)在植物中建立对化感杂草的固有防御能力；(3)解析有益的根际过程，如趋化性/生物膜、有毒化感物质的降解和诱导基因表达。
