TTS-Work Efficiency Institute, Rajamaki, Finland.
Am J Ind Med. 2013 Aug;56(8):856-69. doi: 10.1002/ajim.22194. Epub 2013 May 29.
Research indicates occupational injuries and diseases are not evenly distributed among workers. We investigated the distribution and characteristics of compensated occupational injuries and diseases requiring medical care in the Finnish farming population.
The study population consisted of 93,564 Finnish farmers, spouses, and salaried family members who were covered by the mandatory workers' compensation insurance in 2002. This population had a total of 133,207 occupational injuries and 9,148 occupational diseases over a 26-year period (1982-2008).
Clustering of claims was observed. Nearly half (47.1%) of the population had no compensated claims while 52.9% had at least one; 50.9% of farmers had one or more injuries and 8.1% had one or more diseases. Ten percent of the population had half of injury cases, and 3% of the population had half of occupational disease cases. Claims frequently involved work tasks related to animal husbandry and repair and maintenance of farm machinery. Injury and disease characteristics (work activity, cause, ICD-10 code) differed between individuals with high and low personal claim rate. Injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system had a tendency to reoccur among those with high claim rate. These outcomes were often related to strenuous working motions and postures in labor-intensive animal husbandry.
Analyses of longitudinal insurance data contributes to better understanding of the long-term risk of occupational injury and disease among farmers. We suggest focusing on recurrent health outcomes and their causes among high risk populations could help design more effective interventions in agriculture and other industries.
研究表明，职业伤害和疾病在工人之间的分布并不均匀。我们调查了需要医疗护理的芬兰农业人口中补偿性职业伤害和疾病的分布和特征。
研究人群包括 93564 名芬兰农民、配偶和受雇于家庭的家庭成员，他们在 2002 年被强制工人赔偿保险覆盖。在 26 年期间（1982-2008 年），该人群共有 133207 例职业伤害和 9148 例职业疾病。
索赔存在聚类现象。近一半（47.1%）的人群没有补偿性索赔，而 52.9%的人群有；50.9%的农民有一次或多次伤害，8.1%的农民有一次或多次疾病。人群中有 10%的人有一半的伤害案例，3%的人有一半的职业疾病案例。索赔经常涉及与畜牧业和农场机械维修相关的工作任务。高个人索赔率的人与低个人索赔率的人之间的伤害和疾病特征（工作活动、原因、ICD-10 代码）不同。高索赔率的人经常会再次出现肌肉骨骼系统的伤害和疾病。这些结果通常与劳动密集型畜牧业中费力的工作动作和姿势有关。
对纵向保险数据的分析有助于更好地了解农民职业伤害和疾病的长期风险。我们建议，关注高风险人群中反复出现的健康结果及其原因，可以帮助在农业和其他行业设计更有效的干预措施。
