Uriu-Adams Janet Y, Obican Sarah G, Keen Carl L
Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.
Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 2013 Mar;99(1):24-44. doi: 10.1002/bdrc.21031.
The essentiality of vitamin D for normal growth and development has been recognized for over 80 years, and vitamin D fortification programs have been in place in the United States for more than 70 years. Despite the above, vitamin D deficiency continues to be a common finding in certain population groups. Vitamin D deficiency has been suggested as a potential risk factor for the development of preeclampsia, and vitamin D deficiency during infancy and early childhood is associated with an increased risk for numerous skeletal disorders, as well as immunological and vascular abnormalities. Vitamin D deficiency can occur through multiple mechanisms including the consumption of diets low in this vitamin and inadequate exposure to environmental ultraviolet B rays. The potential value of vitamin D supplementation in high-risk pregnancies and during infancy and early childhood is discussed. Currently, there is vigorous debate concerning what constitutes appropriate vitamin D intakes during early development as exemplified by differing recommendations from the Institute of Medicine Dietary Reference Intake report and recent recommendations by the Endocrine Society. As is discussed, a major issue that needs to be resolved is what key biological endpoint should be used when making vitamin D recommendations for the pregnant woman and her offspring.
维生素D对正常生长发育的必要性已被认可80多年，美国实施维生素D强化计划也已70多年。尽管如此，维生素D缺乏在某些人群中仍是常见现象。维生素D缺乏被认为是先兆子痫发生的一个潜在风险因素，婴儿期和幼儿期维生素D缺乏与多种骨骼疾病以及免疫和血管异常的风险增加有关。维生素D缺乏可通过多种机制发生，包括食用该维生素含量低的饮食以及暴露于环境紫外线B不足。本文讨论了在高危妊娠以及婴儿期和幼儿期补充维生素D的潜在价值。目前，关于早期发育阶段适当的维生素D摄入量构成存在激烈争论，例如医学研究所《膳食参考摄入量报告》的不同建议以及内分泌学会最近的建议所体现的那样。如本文所讨论的，一个需要解决的主要问题是，在为孕妇及其后代制定维生素D建议时应使用什么关键生物学指标。
