Centro de Biologia Ambiental and Portuguese Platform for Enhancing Ecological Research & Sustainability, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
PLoS One. 2013 May 27;8(5):e64591. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064591. Print 2013.
The development in recent years of new beta diversity analytical approaches highlighted valuable information on the different processes structuring ecological communities. A crucial development for the understanding of beta diversity patterns was also its differentiation in two components: species turnover and richness differences. In this study, we evaluate beta diversity patterns of ground beetles from 26 sites in Madeira Island distributed throughout Laurisilva--a relict forest restricted to the Macaronesian archipelagos. We assess how the two components of ground beetle beta diversity (β(repl)--species turnover and β(rich)--species richness differences) relate with differences in climate, geography, landscape composition matrix, woody plant species richness and soil characteristics and the relative importance of the effects of these variables at different spatial scales. We sampled 1025 specimens from 31 species, most of which are endemic to Madeira Island. A spatially explicit analysis was used to evaluate the contribution of pure environmental, pure spatial and environmental spatially structured effects on variation in ground beetle species richness and composition. Variation partitioning showed that 31.9% of species turnover (β(repl)) and 40.7% of species richness variation (β(rich)) could be explained by the environmental and spatial variables. However, different environmental variables controlled the two types of beta diversity: β(repl) was influenced by climate, disturbance and soil organic matter content whilst β(rich) was controlled by altitude and slope. Furthermore, spatial variables, represented through Moran's eigenvector maps, played a significant role in explaining both β(repl) and β(rich), suggesting that both dispersal ability and Madeira Island complex orography are crucial for the understanding of beta diversity patterns in this group of beetles.
近年来，新的β多样性分析方法的发展突显了有关生态群落结构不同过程的有价值信息。β多样性模式理解方面的一个关键进展是将其分为两个组成部分：物种周转率和丰富度差异。在这项研究中，我们评估了来自马德拉岛 26 个地点的地甲虫的β多样性模式，这些地点分布在 Laurisilva——一种仅限于马卡林群岛的残余森林。我们评估了地甲虫β多样性的两个组成部分（β（repl）——物种周转率和β（rich）——物种丰富度差异）与气候、地理、景观组成矩阵、木本植物物种丰富度和土壤特征的差异以及这些变量在不同空间尺度上的相对重要性之间的关系。我们从 31 个物种中采集了 1025 个标本，其中大多数是马德拉岛特有的。我们使用空间显式分析来评估纯环境、纯空间和环境空间结构效应对地甲虫物种丰富度和组成变化的贡献。方差分解表明，31.9%的物种周转率（β（repl））和 40.7%的物种丰富度变化（β（rich））可以用环境和空间变量来解释。然而，不同的环境变量控制着两种类型的β多样性：β（repl）受气候、干扰和土壤有机质含量的影响，而β（rich）则受海拔和坡度的控制。此外，空间变量（通过 Moran 特征向量地图表示）在地甲虫的β（repl）和β（rich）的解释中起着重要作用，这表明扩散能力和马德拉岛复杂的地形对理解该组甲虫的β多样性模式至关重要。
