Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.
Am J Transl Res. 2013 May 24;5(4):379-92. Print 2013.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by recognition of beta cell proteins as self-antigens, called autoantigens (AAgs), by patients' own CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and/or the products of self-reactive B cells, called autoantibodies. These AAgs are divided into two categories on the basis of beta-cell-specificity. The list of the targets associated with beta cell-specific AAgs is continuously growing. Many T1DM-associated AAgs are well characterized and have important clinical applications for disease prediction, diagnosis, and antigen-specific tolerance immunotherapy. Identification of T1DM-associated AAgs provides insight into the pathogenesis of T1DM and to understanding the clinical aspects of the disease. Since many excellent reviews have covered the previously identified T1DM-associated AAgs exhaustedly, here we only focus on several recently discovered T1DM-AAgs (PDX1, ZnT8, CHGA, and IAAP).
1 型糖尿病（T1DM）的特征是患者自身的 CD4+和 CD8+T 细胞和/或自身反应性 B 细胞产生的产物，即自身抗体，识别β细胞蛋白作为自身抗原（AAgs）。这些 AAg 根据β细胞特异性分为两类。与β细胞特异性 AAg 相关的靶标列表不断增加。许多与 T1DM 相关的 AAg 已得到很好的描述，并且在疾病预测、诊断和抗原特异性耐受免疫治疗方面具有重要的临床应用。T1DM 相关 AAg 的鉴定为 T1DM 的发病机制提供了深入了解，并有助于理解该疾病的临床方面。由于许多优秀的综述已经详尽地涵盖了先前确定的 T1DM 相关 AAg，因此在这里我们仅关注最近发现的几种 T1DM-AAg（PDX1、ZnT8、CHGA 和 IAAP）。
