Laboratory Immunology of Diabetes, Department EMD, Cochin Institute, INSERMU1016, Paris, France.
Medical Faculty, Paris University, Paris, France.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Jul 22;13:933965. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.933965. eCollection 2022.
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which pancreatic islet β cells are destroyed by immune cells, ultimately leading to overt diabetes. The progressive increase in T1D incidence over the years points to the role of environmental factors in triggering or accelerating the disease process which develops on a highly multigenic susceptibility background. Evidence that environmental factors induce T1D has mostly been obtained in animal models. In the human, associations between viruses, dietary habits or changes in the microbiota and the development of islet cell autoantibodies or overt diabetes have been reported. So far, prediction of T1D development is mostly based on autoantibody detection. Future work should focus on identifying a causality between the different environmental risk factors and T1D development to improve prediction scores. This should allow developing preventive strategies to limit the T1D burden in the future.
1 型糖尿病（T1D）是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病，其中胰岛β细胞被免疫细胞破坏，最终导致显性糖尿病。近年来，T1D 发病率的逐渐增加表明环境因素在触发或加速疾病进程中发挥作用，而该疾病进程是在高度多基因易感性背景下发展的。环境因素诱发 T1D 的证据主要在动物模型中获得。在人类中，已经报道了病毒、饮食习惯或微生物组变化与胰岛细胞自身抗体或显性糖尿病的发展之间的关联。到目前为止，T1D 发展的预测主要基于自身抗体检测。未来的工作应集中在确定不同环境风险因素与 T1D 发展之间的因果关系，以提高预测分数。这将有助于制定预防策略，以限制未来 T1D 的负担。
