School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Trends Microbiol. 2013 Aug;21(8):413-20. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2013.04.004. Epub 2013 May 29.
Detection of pathogen-derived nucleic acids by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is essential for the host to mount an appropriate immune response, which for viruses involves the induction of type I interferons (IFNs). By contrast, inappropriate activation of PRRs by self nucleic acids can lead to autoimmunity. Recent developments in PRR research have uncovered important new molecular details as to how Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) distinguish pathogen from self RNA, while the discovery of cytosolic DNA sensing pathways for IFN induction has revealed completely new innate signaling mechanisms, and also questions how innate immunity discriminates between self and non-self DNA, if at all.
模式识别受体（PRRs）检测病原体衍生的核酸对于宿主产生适当的免疫反应至关重要，对于病毒而言，这涉及到诱导 I 型干扰素（IFNs）。相比之下，自身核酸的 PRRs 不适当激活可导致自身免疫。PRR 研究的最新进展揭示了 Toll 样受体（TLRs）和视黄酸诱导基因-I（RIG-I）样受体（RLRs）区分病原体和自身 RNA 的重要新分子细节，而细胞溶质 DNA 感应途径的发现用于 IFN 诱导揭示了全新的先天信号机制，也提出了先天免疫如何区分自身和非自身 DNA（如果有的话）的问题。
