Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Compr Physiol. 2012 Jan;2(1):97-140. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c100036.
The renal medullary microcirculation is a distinctive arrangement of blood vessels that serve multiple functions in the renal medulla. This article begins with a description of the unique anatomy of this vascular bed and the role it plays in transport and countercurrent exchange in the medulla. A segment of the review is then devoted to the important role mathematical modeling has played in the understanding of this vascular bed's function. Succeeding sections focus upon the hematocrit in the vasa recta capillaries and methods utilized to assess blood flow in the renal medulla. An extensive portion of the article is then devoted to the regulation of the medullary circulation, from ion channel architecture to neurohormonal signaling. Finally, we discuss the importance of the renal medullary circulation in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis and arterial blood pressure regulation.
肾髓质的微循环是一种独特的血管排列，在肾髓质中具有多种功能。本文首先描述了这个血管床的独特解剖结构及其在髓质中运输和逆流交换中的作用。然后，本文的一部分专门讨论了数学建模在理解这个血管床功能方面所起的重要作用。接下来的几节重点介绍了直小血管中的血细胞比容以及用于评估肾髓质血流的方法。本文的很大一部分专门讨论了肾髓质循环的调节，从离子通道结构到神经激素信号传递。最后，我们讨论了肾髓质循环在调节液体和电解质平衡以及动脉血压调节中的重要性。
