Chaudoir Stephenie R, Earnshaw Valerie A, Andel Stephanie
College of the Holy Cross.
Basic Appl Soc Psych. 2013 Jan 1;35(1):75-87. doi: 10.1080/01973533.2012.746612.
In his classic treatise, Goffman (1963) delineates between people who are -whose stigma is clearly known or visible-and people who are -whose stigma is unknown and can be concealable. To what extent has research in the past 50 years advanced Goffman's original ideas regarding the impact of concealability on stigma management strategies and outcomes? In the current article, we outline a framework that articulates how stigma can "get under the skin" in order to lead to psychological and physical health disparities. Further, we consider when and to what degree concealability moderates these effects, creating divergent outcomes for the and . Does the stigmatized individual assume his differentness is known about already or is evident on the spot, or does he assume it is neither known about by those present nor immediately perceivable by them? In the first case one deals with the plight of the , in the second with that of the . This is an important difference.- Goffman (1963, p. 4).
在其经典论著中，戈夫曼（1963）区分了两类人：一类人的污名广为人知或显而易见，另一类人的污名不为人知且可以隐藏。在过去50年里，关于隐藏性对污名管理策略及结果的影响，研究在多大程度上推进了戈夫曼的原始观点？在本文中，我们概述了一个框架，该框架阐明了污名如何“深入内心”从而导致心理和身体健康差异。此外，我们考虑隐藏性在何时以及在何种程度上调节这些影响，为[此处原文缺失相关内容]和[此处原文缺失相关内容]带来不同结果。被污名化的个体是认为自己的不同已经被知晓或当场显而易见，还是认为在场的人既不知道也无法立即察觉？在第一种情况下，人们应对的是[此处原文缺失相关内容]的困境，在第二种情况下应对的是[此处原文缺失相关内容]的困境。这是一个重要的区别。——戈夫曼（1963，第4页）
