Water Quality and Ecology Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Sedimentation Laboratory, PO Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA.
Chemosphere. 2013 Aug;92(10):1307-13. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.04.099. Epub 2013 May 31.
Agricultural pesticide use is necessary to help meet the increased demand for a safe and secure food supply for the United States, as well as the global community. Even with proper application and careful management, the possibility of pesticide leaching and detachment in runoff still exists following certain storm events. Several different management practices have been designed to reduce the impacts of pesticides on aquatic receiving systems. Many such practices focus on the use of vegetation to slow runoff and allow for sorption of the various contaminants. Three common drainage ditch macrophytes, Leersia oryzoides (cutgrass), Typha latifolia (cattail), and Sparganium americanum (bur-reed) were assessed for their ability to reduce effluent loads of atrazine, diazinon, and permethrin in simulated agricultural runoff water in 379L individual mesocosms. Of the three macrophytes examined, L. oryzoides was the most effective at mitigating atrazine, and permethrin. L. oryzoides and T. latifolia significantly reduced overall atrazine loads (45±7%, p=0.0073 and 35±8%, p=0.0421, respectively) when compared to unvegetated controls (13±20%). No significant differences in overall diazinon load retention were noted between plant species. Each plant species significantly decreased the initial load (after 6h) of trans-permethrin, while both L. oryzoides and T. latifolia significantly reduced the overall trans-permethrin loads (88±5%, p=0.0022 and 88±5%, p=0.0020, respectively) when compared to unvegetated controls (68±8%). Reversible adsorption of atrazine and diazinon to plants, noted during the flushing events, was greater than that observed in either cis- or trans-permethrin. These results demonstrate the ability of native ditch vegetation to mitigate pesticides associated with agricultural runoff. Likewise, they provide farmers and action agencies with supportive data for selection of vegetation in drainage ditches used as management practices.
农业农药的使用对于满足美国乃至全球对安全有保障的食品供应的需求是必要的。即使在适当的应用和谨慎的管理下，在某些风暴事件后，仍有可能发生农药淋溶和随径流流失的情况。已经设计了几种不同的管理措施来减少农药对水生接收系统的影响。许多此类做法侧重于利用植被来减缓径流并允许各种污染物的吸附。在 379L 单个中试模型中，评估了 Leersia oryzoides（cutgrass）、Typha latifolia（cattail）和 Sparganium americanum（bur-reed）三种常见的排水渠大型水生植物减少模拟农业径流水中莠去津、二嗪磷和氯菊酯的污水负荷的能力。在所检查的三种大型水生植物中，L. oryzoides 对莠去津和氯菊酯的缓解效果最为有效。与无植被对照相比，L. oryzoides 和 T. latifolia 显著降低了莠去津的总负荷（分别为 45±7%，p=0.0073 和 35±8%，p=0.0421）。植物物种之间没有观察到总体二嗪磷负荷保留的显著差异。每种植物物种都显著降低了 trans-permethrin 的初始负荷（6h 后），而 L. oryzoides 和 T. latifolia 都显著降低了 trans-permethrin 的总负荷（分别为 88±5%，p=0.0022 和 88±5%，p=0.0020），与无植被对照相比。在冲洗事件中注意到莠去津和二嗪磷对植物的可逆吸附大于 cis-或 trans-permethrin 中的观察值。这些结果表明，原生沟渠植被有能力减轻与农业径流有关的农药。同样，它们为农民和行动机构提供了支持性数据，以选择用于管理实践的排水渠中的植被。
