Gulcelik N E, Halil M, Ariogul S, Usman A
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.
Minerva Endocrinol. 2013 Jun;38(2):203-10.
Adipose tissue is an active metabolic organ secreting adipocytokines which are involved in the energy homeostasis and regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Aging is associated with fat redistribution, which is characterized by loss of peripheral subcutaneous fat and accumulation of visceral fat. Visceral adipose tissue is more involved in the developement of metabolic diseases than subcutaneous adipose tissue. Aging also alters the function, proliferation, size, and number of adipose cells which leads to alterations in the secretion, synthesis and function of the adipocytokines. Adiponectin is an insulin sensitizing, anti-inflammatory, and antiathoregenic adipokine. Centarians have higher adiponectin levels associated with longevity. However, in older individuals ‑ age 65 or more ‑ adiponectin is associated with higher mortality. Dysregulation of adiponectin in older individuals may be due to loss of function of circulating adiponectin or a response to increased inflammatory process. Longitidunal increase in adiponectin levels 5with aging rather than genetically high adiponectin levels may translate to increased mortality in older patients. The adipocytokine leptin is traditionally viewed as a product of adipocytes that can exert endocrine effects. There have been conflicting reports of not only the effects of aging on leptin, but also the effects of leptin on age-related diseases including sarcopenia, Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular diseases. Aging is also associated with resistance to leptin and/or to a decrease of receptors for this hormone. In this review, we briefly discuss the role of two major adipocytokines adiponectin and leptin in the aging process and age-related diseases.
脂肪组织是一个活跃的代谢器官，可分泌参与能量稳态以及葡萄糖和脂质代谢调节的脂肪细胞因子。衰老与脂肪重新分布有关，其特征是外周皮下脂肪减少和内脏脂肪堆积。内脏脂肪组织比皮下脂肪组织更易引发代谢疾病。衰老还会改变脂肪细胞的功能、增殖、大小和数量，从而导致脂肪细胞因子的分泌、合成和功能发生改变。脂联素是一种具有胰岛素增敏、抗炎和抗动脉粥样硬化作用的脂肪细胞因子。百岁老人的脂联素水平较高，这与长寿有关。然而，在65岁及以上的老年人中，脂联素与较高的死亡率相关。老年人脂联素失调可能是由于循环脂联素功能丧失或对炎症过程增加的一种反应。随着年龄增长脂联素水平纵向升高而非遗传上的高脂联素水平可能导致老年患者死亡率增加。脂肪细胞因子瘦素传统上被视为可发挥内分泌作用的脂肪细胞产物。关于衰老对瘦素的影响以及瘦素对包括肌肉减少症、阿尔茨海默病和心血管疾病在内的与年龄相关疾病的影响，一直存在相互矛盾的报道。衰老还与对瘦素的抵抗和/或该激素受体的减少有关。在本综述中，我们简要讨论两种主要脂肪细胞因子脂联素和瘦素在衰老过程及与年龄相关疾病中的作用。
