Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2013 Sep;180:78-83. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.05.021. Epub 2013 Jun 1.
The distribution and speciation of arsenic (As) were analyzed in individuals of various life stages of a midge, Chironomus riparius, and the mosquito Culex tarsalis exposed to 1000 μg/l arsenate. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) revealed that C. riparius larvae accumulate As in their midgut, with inorganic arsenate [As(V)] being the predominant form, followed by arsenite [As(III)] and an As-thiol. Reduced concentrations of As in pupal and adult stages of C. riparius indicate excretion of As between the larval and pupal stages. In adults, As was limited to the thorax, and the predominant form was an As-thiol. In Cx. tarsalis, As was not found in high enough concentrations to determine As speciation, but the element was distributed throughout the larva. In adults, As was concentrated in the thorax and eyes of adults. These results have implications for understanding the biotransformation of As and its movement from aquatic to terrestrial environments.
对暴露于 1000μg/l 砷酸盐的摇蚊幼虫、蛹和成蚊的各生命阶段个体进行了砷（As）的分布和形态分析。X 射线吸收光谱（XAS）表明，摇蚊幼虫将 As 蓄积在中肠，主要以无机砷酸盐[As(V)]为主，其次为亚砷酸盐[As(III)]和砷-硫醇。摇蚊幼虫到蛹和成蚊阶段 As 浓度降低表明，As 是在幼虫和蛹阶段排泄的。在成蚊中，As 仅限于胸部，主要形态为砷-硫醇。在库蚊中，由于 As 浓度不够高，无法确定其形态，但该元素分布在整个幼虫中。在成虫中，As 集中在成虫的胸部和眼睛中。这些结果对于理解 As 的生物转化及其从水生到陆地环境的迁移具有重要意义。
