Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
J Glaucoma. 2013 Jun-Jul;22 Suppl 5:S2-7. doi: 10.1097/IJG.0b013e3182934978.
The axons of the retinal ganglion cells form the optic nerve. The two optic nerves meet at the optic chiasm, where the nerve fibers originating in the nasal retina of each eye decussate to join the temporal fibers of the fellow eye. From the chiasm, the same axons continue on as the optic tract. These axons travel to and synapse in the lateral geniculate nucleus, the cells of which send their axons through the optic radiations to the visual cortex. The main blood supply to visual cortex is provided by the posterior cerebral arteries and their branches (the calcarine, posterior temporal, and parieto-occipital arteries). At the occipital pole, however, there may be a dual blood supply to the area subserving central vision, with anastomoses between branches of the posterior cerebral arteries and the superior temporo-occipital branch from the middle cerebral artery.
视网膜神经节细胞的轴突形成视神经。两条视神经在视交叉处会合，在这里来自每只眼鼻侧视网膜的神经纤维交叉到对侧眼的颞侧纤维。从视交叉开始，相同的轴突继续作为视束。这些轴突行进并在外侧膝状体处突触，外侧膝状体的细胞将其轴突通过视放射传递到视觉皮层。视觉皮层的主要血液供应由大脑后动脉及其分支（距状裂、颞后和顶枕动脉）提供。然而，在枕极，中央视觉区域可能存在双重血液供应，大脑后动脉的分支与来自大脑中动脉的颞上枕支之间存在吻合。
