Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Compr Physiol. 2011 Oct;1(4):1929-41. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c100028.
Inflammation is a prominent feature of human and experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH) as suggested by infiltration of various inflammatory cells and increased expression of certain cytokines in remodeled pulmonary vessels. Macrophages, T and B lymphocytes, and dendritic cells are found in the vascular lesions of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) as well as in PAH associated with connective tissue diseases or infectious etiologies such as HIV. In addition, PAH is often characterized by the presence of circulating chemokines and cytokines, increased expression of growth (such as VEGF and PDGF) and transcriptional (e.g., nuclear factor of activated T cells or NFAT) factors, and viral protein components (e.g., HIV-1 Nef), which directly contribute to further recruitment of inflammatory cells and the pulmonary vascular remodeling process. These inflammatory pathways may thus serve as potential specific therapeutic targets. This article provides an overview of inflammatory pathways involving chemokines and cytokines as well as growth factors, highlighting their potential role in pulmonary vascular remodeling and the possibility of future targeted therapy.
炎症是人类和实验性肺动脉高压（PH）的一个显著特征，这表明在重塑的肺血管中存在各种炎症细胞浸润和某些细胞因子表达增加。在特发性肺动脉高压（PAH）以及与结缔组织疾病或感染病因（如 HIV）相关的 PAH 的血管病变中，可以发现巨噬细胞、T 和 B 淋巴细胞以及树突状细胞。此外，PAH 通常表现为循环趋化因子和细胞因子的存在、生长因子（如 VEGF 和 PDGF）和转录因子（如活化 T 细胞核因子或 NFAT）以及病毒蛋白成分（如 HIV-1 Nef）的表达增加，这些直接导致炎症细胞的进一步募集和肺血管重塑过程。因此，这些炎症途径可能成为潜在的特定治疗靶点。本文概述了涉及趋化因子和细胞因子以及生长因子的炎症途径，强调了它们在肺血管重塑中的潜在作用以及未来靶向治疗的可能性。
