Am J Intellect Dev Disabil. 2013 May;118(3):211-23. doi: 10.1352/1944-7558-118.3.211.
Labels are firmly rejected by the disability rights movement, yet the complex effects of labeling on lay beliefs are poorly understood. This study examined the effects of labeling on the general public's reactions to people with intellectual disabilities. A sample of 1,233 adult members of the UK general population were randomly presented with either a diagnostically labeled or unlabeled case vignette, and their emotional reactions, causal beliefs, and social distance were assessed. Providing a label reduced social distance, increased biomedical attributions, and had a small positive direct effect on emotional reactions. Making a diagnosis of mild intellectual disability known may prevent misattribution to more stigmatizing causes and thus reduce social distance. Some undesirable effects were observed though on causal beliefs and associated emotional reactions.
标签被残疾权利运动坚决拒绝，但标签对大众观念的复杂影响还未被很好地理解。本研究调查了标签对大众对智障人士反应的影响。英国 1233 名成年普通民众被随机展示了有或无诊断标签的案例简述，他们的情绪反应、因果观念和社会距离被评估。提供标签减少了社会距离，增加了生物医学归因，对情绪反应有微小的直接积极影响。公开轻度智障的诊断可能会防止归因于更具污名化的原因，从而减少社会距离。但是，在因果观念和相关情绪反应上还是观察到了一些不良影响。
