Whetzel Patricia L
Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
J Biomed Semantics. 2013 Apr 15;4 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S8. doi: 10.1186/2041-1480-4-S1-S8.
As new biomedical technologies are developed, the amount of publically available biomedical data continues to increase. To help manage these vast and disparate data sources, researchers have turned to the Semantic Web. Specifically, ontologies are used in data annotation, natural language processing, information retrieval, clinical decision support, and data integration tasks. The development of software applications to perform these tasks requires the integration of Web services to incorporate the wide variety of ontologies used in the health care and life sciences. The National Center for Biomedical Ontology, a National Center for Biomedical Computing created under the NIH Roadmap, developed BioPortal, which provides access to one of the largest repositories of biomedical ontologies. The NCBO Web services provide programmtic access to these ontologies and can be grouped into four categories; Ontology, Mapping, Annotation, and Data Access. The Ontology Web services provide access to ontologies, their metadata, ontology versions, downloads, navigation of the class hierarchy (parents, children, siblings) and details of each term. The Mapping Web services provide access to the millions of ontology mappings published in BioPortal. The NCBO Annotator Web service "tags" text automatically with terms from ontologies in BioPortal, and the NCBO Resource Index Web services provides access to an ontology-based index of public, online data resources. The NCBO Widgets package the Ontology Web services for use directly in Web sites. The functionality of the NCBO Web services and widgets are incorporated into semantically aware applications for ontology development and visualization, data annotation, and data integration. This overview will describe these classes of applications, discuss a few examples of each type, and which NCBO Web services are used by these applications.
随着新的生物医学技术不断发展，公开可用的生物医学数据量持续增加。为了帮助管理这些海量且分散的数据源，研究人员求助于语义网。具体而言，本体被用于数据注释、自然语言处理、信息检索、临床决策支持以及数据集成任务。开发执行这些任务的软件应用程序需要集成网络服务，以纳入医疗保健和生命科学中使用的各种各样的本体。国家生物医学本体中心是根据美国国立卫生研究院路线图设立的国家生物医学计算中心，它开发了生物门户，该门户提供对最大的生物医学本体知识库之一的访问。NCBO网络服务提供对这些本体的编程访问，可分为四类：本体服务、映射服务、注释服务和数据访问服务。本体网络服务提供对本体、其元数据、本体版本、下载内容、类层次结构（父类、子类、兄弟类）的导航以及每个术语的详细信息的访问。映射网络服务提供对生物门户中发布的数百万个本体映射的访问。NCBO注释器网络服务使用生物门户中本体的术语自动为文本“加标签”，而NCBO资源索引网络服务提供对基于本体的公共在线数据资源索引的访问。NCBO小部件将本体网络服务打包，以便直接在网站中使用。NCBO网络服务和小部件的功能被整合到用于本体开发和可视化、数据注释以及数据集成的语义感知应用程序中。本概述将描述这些应用程序类别，讨论每种类型的一些示例，以及这些应用程序使用了哪些NCBO网络服务。
