Ileana Ecaterina, Champiat Stéphane, Soria Jean-Charles
Institut Gustave-Roussy, Département de médecine, Université Paris-Sud, SITEP Service des innovations thérapeutiques précoces, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France.
Bull Cancer. 2013 Jun;100(6):601-10. doi: 10.1684/bdc.2013.1771.
The immune system plays a dual role against cancer: it prevents tumor cell outgrowth and also sculpts the immunogenicity of the tumor cells. Cancer cells are able to escape from the immune system by inhibiting T lymphocytes activation. New immunotherapies have been developped to target these T lymphocytes activation modulators: the immune checkpoints. These novel therapies are showing promising results with durable objective responses in some patients. Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA4) was the first of these new therapeutics to be approved by the FDA in March 2011 for advanced melanoma and other immunomodulators trials are ongoing in other cancers with similar encouraging results like with the anti PD-1/PD-L1. These drugs are already challenging our future practice like for evaluation of tumor response or for management of immune related toxicities. Many immune checkpoints have been identified and could potentially be targeted. Future studies will help to identify predictive factors but also to coordinate these new immunotherapies with our classic treatment strategies.
它既能阻止肿瘤细胞生长，也能塑造肿瘤细胞的免疫原性。癌细胞能够通过抑制T淋巴细胞活化来逃避免疫系统。已经开发出针对这些T淋巴细胞活化调节剂（即免疫检查点）的新型免疫疗法。这些新疗法在一些患者中显示出持久客观缓解的有前景的结果。伊匹单抗（抗CTLA4）是这些新疗法中第一种于2011年3月被美国食品药品监督管理局批准用于晚期黑色素瘤的药物，其他免疫调节剂在其他癌症中的试验也在进行，并且取得了类似抗PD-1/PD-L1那样令人鼓舞的结果。这些药物已经在挑战我们未来的实践，比如在评估肿瘤反应或管理免疫相关毒性方面。许多免疫检查点已经被识别出来，并且有可能成为靶点。未来的研究将有助于识别预测因素，也有助于将这些新的免疫疗法与我们的经典治疗策略进行协调。
