Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino, Italy.
Ultrason Sonochem. 2014 Jan;21(1):283-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.04.009. Epub 2013 May 3.
The oxidative desulfurization/denitrification of liquid fuels has been widely investigated as an alternative or complement to common catalytic hydrorefining. In this process, all oxidation reactions occur in the heterogeneous phase (the oil and the polar phase containing the oxidant) and therefore the optimization of mass and heat transfer is of crucial importance to enhancing the oxidation rate. This goal can be achieved by performing the reaction in suitable ultrasound (US) reactors. In fact, flow and loop US reactors stand out above classic batch US reactors thanks to their greater efficiency and flexibility as well as lower energy consumption. This paper describes an efficient sonochemical oxidation with H2O2/CH3COOH at flow rates ranging from 60 to 800 ml/min of both a model compound, dibenzotiophene (DBT), and of a mild hydro-treated diesel feedstock. Four different commercially available US loop reactors (single and multi-probe) were tested, two of which were developed in the authors' laboratory. Full DBT oxidation and efficient diesel feedstock desulfurization/denitrification were observed after the separation of the polar oxidized S/N-containing compounds (S≤5 ppmw, N≤1 ppmw). Our studies confirm that high-throughput US applications benefit greatly from flow-reactors.
液体燃料的氧化脱硫/脱硝已被广泛研究，作为常见的催化加氢精制的替代或补充。在这个过程中，所有的氧化反应都发生在多相（油相与含有氧化剂的极性相）中，因此，传质和传热的优化对于提高氧化速率至关重要。通过在合适的超声（US）反应器中进行反应，可以实现这一目标。事实上，由于其更高的效率、灵活性和更低的能耗，流动和循环 US 反应器优于经典的间歇式 US 反应器。本文描述了一种在 60 至 800 ml/min 的流速下，用 H2O2/CH3COOH 对模型化合物二苯并噻吩（DBT）和轻度加氢处理的柴油原料进行高效的超声氧化。测试了四种不同的市售 US 循环反应器（单探头和多探头），其中两种是作者实验室开发的。在分离极性氧化的含 S/N 化合物（S≤5 ppmw，N≤1 ppmw）后，观察到完全氧化 DBT 和有效脱硫/脱硝。我们的研究证实，高通量超声应用从流动反应器中受益匪浅。
