Glück U
Institut für Klinische Immunologie, Inselspital Bern.
HNO. 1990 May;38(5):188-90.
Allergic diseases are frequent, affecting 10%-15% of the population. The atopic symptoms manifest mainly as pollinosis or bronchial asthma. Many of the atopic patients have an additional food-related allergy, often due to a cross-reactivity between pollen allergens (birch, hazelnut, alder, mugwort) and food allergens. The foods which most frequently elicit oral, gastro-intestinal or anaphylactic symptoms are fruits such as apples, peaches, cherries or apricots, but also nuts and vegetables from the botanic group of the compositae (celery, carrots, fennel, sunflower kernels, camomile, parsley, etc.). While fruits mainly cause oral symptoms (aphthae, stomatitis, swelling of the lips or tongue, pharyngitis, hoarseness and laryngeal oedema), nuts and celery can often also induce acute generalized symptoms, such as severe laryngeal oedema, bronchial asthma, urticaria or allergic shock. In our experience these patients tend to minimize their oral symptoms and the practitioner has often to ask about them specifically.
过敏性疾病很常见，影响着10%-15%的人口。特应性症状主要表现为花粉症或支气管哮喘。许多特应性患者还存在与食物相关的过敏，这通常是由于花粉过敏原（桦树、榛子、桤木、艾蒿）与食物过敏原之间的交叉反应所致。最常引发口腔、胃肠道或过敏反应症状的食物是水果，如苹果、桃子、樱桃或杏子，还有来自菊科植物类群的坚果和蔬菜（芹菜、胡萝卜、茴香、葵花籽、洋甘菊、欧芹等）。虽然水果主要引起口腔症状（口疮、口腔炎、嘴唇或舌头肿胀、咽炎、声音嘶哑和喉部水肿），但坚果和芹菜也常常会引发急性全身性症状，如严重的喉部水肿、支气管哮喘、荨麻疹或过敏性休克。根据我们的经验，这些患者往往会淡化他们的口腔症状，医生常常需要专门询问这些症状。
