Ghassemi Kevin A, Jensen Dennis M
Division of Digestive Diseases, Center for Esophageal Disorders, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 100 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 700, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2013 Jul;15(7):333. doi: 10.1007/s11894-013-0333-5.
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding from the colon is a common reason for hospitalization and is becoming more common in the elderly. While most cases will cease spontaneously, patients with ongoing bleeding or major stigmata of hemorrhage require urgent diagnosis and intervention to achieve definitive hemostasis. Colonoscopy is the primary modality for establishing a diagnosis, risk stratification, and treating some of the most common causes of colonic bleeding, including diverticular hemorrhage which is the etiology in 30% of cases. Other interventions, including angiography and surgery, are usually reserved for instances of bleeding that cannot be stabilized or allow for adequate bowel preparation for colonoscopy. We discuss the colonoscopic diagnosis, risk stratification, and definitive treatment of colonic hemorrhage in patients presenting with severe hematochezia.
结肠胃肠道（GI）出血是住院的常见原因，且在老年人中越来越普遍。虽然大多数病例会自行停止，但持续出血或有大出血明显迹象的患者需要紧急诊断和干预以实现确切止血。结肠镜检查是确立诊断、进行风险分层以及治疗一些最常见结肠出血原因的主要方式，包括憩室出血，其在30%的病例中为病因。其他干预措施，包括血管造影和手术，通常用于出血无法稳定控制或无法为结肠镜检查进行充分肠道准备的情况。我们讨论了以严重便血就诊的患者结肠出血的结肠镜诊断、风险分层及确切治疗。
