Imran Sheikh, Tyagi S P, Kumar Amit, Kumar Adarsh, Sharma Shivali
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (CSKHPKV), Himachal Pradesh, Palampur 176 062, India.
ISRN Vet Sci. 2012 Jan 11;2011:419591. doi: 10.5402/2011/419591. Print 2011.
The present study was undertaken to conduct a comparative ultrasonographic study of the normal bovine spleen and liver. This study was carried out in two phases using 3.5 MHz curvilinear transducer. In first phase of water bath study, bovine spleens and livers were obtained from 3 healthy cadavers and subjected to repeated ultrasonography to study the echotexture. The splenic parenchyma was isoechogenic with greater echogenicity as compared to the liver. Water bath study provided a good learning experience for the comparative analysis of echotexture of the spleen and liver. In second phase, 10 healthy Jersey/Red Sindhi adult nonpregnant cows were subjected to detailed abdominal ultrasonography a number of times to develop the baseline topographical data of the spleen and liver. The dorsal end of the spleen in the cranial intercostal spaces could be clearly seen at the peak of inspiration when the lungs retracted to uncover the parietal surface of the spleen. The ventral end of the spleen, portion of the left lung, and the reticular wall could be scanned in the left 7th to 6th ICS in all the cows, and in the left 5th ICS in 5 cows. The liver was imaged from just behind the 12th to 6th ICS in all the cows easily. The gallbladder was imaged as a tear drop or pear shaped anechogenic structure with a hyperechogenic wall. The location of the gallbladder varied from the 12th to 9th ICS. It was most consistently observed in the 11th ICS (in 7 cows) at a mean distance of 46.3 cm from the dorsal midline. In 3 cows, the gallbladder was also seen ventral to the costal arch. The caudal vena cava was imaged as a triangular anechogenic structure on the dorsal border of the liver in the last 2 intercostal spaces in all the cows. The portal vein was imaged characteristically as a star shaped anechogenic structure with a hyperechogenic wall, ventral to the caudal vena cava, in the last 2 intercostal spaces in all the cows and in the 10th ICS in only 8 cows. It was concluded that a systematic ultrasonography formed a basis for a reliable noninvasive determination of positions and sizes of the normal spleen and liver and their vessels in the bovines.
本研究旨在对正常牛脾脏和肝脏进行超声对比研究。本研究分两个阶段进行，使用3.5MHz的曲线探头。在水浴研究的第一阶段，从3头健康尸体获取牛脾脏和肝脏，并对其进行反复超声检查以研究回声纹理。脾实质与肝脏相比呈等回声且回声更强。水浴研究为脾脏和肝脏回声纹理的对比分析提供了良好的学习经验。在第二阶段，对10头健康的泽西/红信德成年非妊娠母牛进行多次详细的腹部超声检查，以建立脾脏和肝脏的基线地形数据。当肺回缩以露出脾脏的壁层表面时，在吸气峰值时可清楚看到脾脏位于肋间隙头端的背侧端。在所有母牛的左第7至第6肋间间隙以及5头母牛的左第5肋间间隙可扫描到脾脏的腹侧端、左肺部分和网状壁。在所有母牛中，肝脏均很容易从第12至第6肋间间隙后方成像。胆囊成像为泪滴状或梨形无回声结构，壁为高回声。胆囊的位置从第12至第9肋间间隙不等。在第11肋间间隙（7头母牛）观察到的情况最为一致，距背侧中线平均距离为46.3cm。在3头母牛中，胆囊也见于肋弓腹侧。在所有母牛的最后2个肋间间隙，下腔静脉成像为位于肝脏背侧缘的三角形无回声结构。门静脉成像特征为无回声结构呈星状，壁为高回声，位于下腔静脉腹侧，在所有母牛的最后2个肋间间隙以及仅8头母牛的第10肋间间隙可见。结论是，系统的超声检查为可靠无创地确定牛正常脾脏、肝脏及其血管的位置和大小奠定了基础。
