一项辐射调查以及钢铁厂 ILVA Taranto（意大利）释放的（210）Pb 和（210）Po 浓度升高对环境和公众的影响。

A radiological survey and the impact of the elevated concentrations of (210)Pb and (210)Po released from the iron- and steel-making plant ILVA Taranto (Italy) on the environment and the public.

机构信息

National Institute of Environmental Protection and Research, Via V. Brancati 48, 00144 Roma, Italy.

出版信息

Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2013 Mar;15(3):677-89. doi: 10.1039/c2em30784g.

Abstract

A radiological survey on the iron- and steel-making plant ILVA Taranto (Italy) was mainly focused on contamination source-term investigation and exposure impact evaluation of the volatile radionuclides 210Po and 210Pb. The activity concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb in the raw materials, dust particles, surficial soils and atmospheric particulate samples collected in the area of ILVA Taranto were determined. The results showed that the activity concentrations in the raw materials were in the range of 3.46-17.9 Bq kg(-1) for 210Po and 3.50-16.8 Bq kg(-1) for 210Pb, which could create maximum annual inventories of 2.64 × 1011 Bq of 210Po and 2.71 × 1011 Bq of 210Pb if a total quantity of 22 Mt per year raw materials was consumed in the plant. The activity concentrations in dust particles emitted from the chimney of the ILVA Taranto were in the range of 5.91-85.6 kBq kg(-1) for 210Po and 5.44-34.6 kBq kg(-1) for 210Pb, releasing more 210Po than 210Pb. The activity concentrations in surficial soils were in the range of 49.3-140 Bq kg(-1) for 210Po and 51.6-150 Bq kg(-1) for 210Pb, a variation of the activity concentrations being observable with distance. The activity concentrations in atmospheric particulate were in the range of 43.1-564 μBq m(-3) for 210Po and 618-1099 μBq m(-3) for 210Pb, and it was observed that the mass specific activity concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb in the atmospheric particulate are one to three orders of magnitude higher than that found in the top soil. After deduction of the background contribution, about 27.2 μSv per year of the estimated committed effective dose at mean and 49.2 μSv per year at maximum could be attributed to 210Po and 210Pb emitted from the chimney of the ILVA Taranto and inhaled by the public in the form of atmospheric particulate, of which about 63.5-69.0% was the contribution of 210Pb. No specific interventions should be required, as far as only inhalation of 210Po and 210Pb are concerned.

摘要

对意大利 ILVA 塔兰托钢铁厂进行了放射性调查，主要集中在污染源调查和易挥发放射性核素 210Po 和 210Pb 的暴露影响评估上。测定了在 ILVA 塔兰托地区采集的原材料、粉尘颗粒、表层土壤和大气颗粒物样品中 210Po 和 210Pb 的活度浓度。结果表明，原材料中的 210Po 活度浓度范围为 3.46-17.9 Bq kg(-1)，210Pb 活度浓度范围为 3.50-16.8 Bq kg(-1)，如果工厂每年消耗 2200 万吨原材料，将产生最大的 210Po 年总库存量 2.64×10(11)Bq 和 210Pb 年总库存量 2.71×10(11)Bq。从 ILVA 塔兰托烟囱排放的粉尘颗粒中的 210Po 活度浓度范围为 5.91-85.6 kBq kg(-1)，210Pb 活度浓度范围为 5.44-34.6 kBq kg(-1)，释放的 210Po 多于 210Pb。表层土壤中的 210Po 活度浓度范围为 49.3-140 Bq kg(-1)，210Pb 活度浓度范围为 51.6-150 Bq kg(-1)，随着距离的增加，活度浓度呈现出变化。大气颗粒物中的 210Po 活度浓度范围为 43.1-564 μBq m(-3)，210Pb 活度浓度范围为 618-1099 μBq m(-3)，观测到大气颗粒物中 210Po 和 210Pb 的质量比活度浓度比表层土壤高一到三个数量级。扣除本底贡献后，估计每年公众通过吸入烟囱排放的大气颗粒物而摄入的 210Po 和 210Pb 所致的年有效剂量中值为 27.2 μSv，最大值为 49.2 μSv，其中约 63.5-69.0%来自 210Pb。仅就 210Po 和 210Pb 的吸入而言，不需要采取具体的干预措施。