Federico II Naples University, via Cinthia, I-80126, Naples, Italy.
Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, I-80121, Naples, Italy.
Environ Monit Assess. 2018 Dec 28;191(1):43. doi: 10.1007/s10661-018-7164-7.
Adverse environmental conditions in the Taranto area (southern Italy) were investigated in studies of air, marine sediment, and human health. The present study aimed at providing unprecedented information on soil pollution and toxicity in a set of sites around recognized pollution sources in the Taranto area, since previous studies were focused on marine or air pollution, or on human health effects. The investigated area included a steel foundry and a power plant, as well as some sites located in an adjacent neighborhood. Surface soil samples and urban dust were collected and submitted to inorganic and organic analyses and tested for toxicity in two invertebrate bioassay models; a sea urchin (Sphaerechinus granularis) and an annelid (Caenorhabditis elegans). Inorganic analysis was carried out using ICP-MS for elemental composition for a total of 34 elements, whose levels were evaluated as a function of bioassay data analyzed through principal component analysis (PCA). Other analyses included asbestos search by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and organic analysis for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and aliphatic compounds (C10-C40). Toxicity bioassays were carried out on a sea urchin (Sphaerechinus granularis), and an annelid (Caenorhabditis elegans). Sea urchin bioassays evaluated effects of topsoil or street dust sample exposures (0.1 to 0.5% dry wt/vol) on developing embryos and on sperm, and scored as (a) % developmental defects, (b) inhibition of fertilization success and offspring damage, and (c) frequencies of mitotic aberrations. C. elegans mortality assay displayed significant toxicity associated with soil samples. The overall effects of samples showed very high toxicity at four out of nine sites. These effects were consistent with the highest levels measured for metals and PAHs. Further studies of health effects related to dust exposures in residential areas are warranted. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
塔兰托地区（意大利南部）的不利环境条件在空气、海洋沉积物和人类健康研究中进行了调查。本研究旨在提供一组围绕塔兰托地区已知污染源的土壤污染和毒性的前所未有的信息，因为以前的研究侧重于海洋或空气污染，或人类健康影响。该研究区域包括一家钢铁铸造厂和一家发电厂，以及一些位于毗邻街区的地点。采集了表层土壤样本和城市灰尘，并进行了无机和有机分析，并在两种无脊椎动物生物测定模型中测试了毒性；一种是海胆（Sphaerechinus granularis），另一种是环节动物（Caenorhabditis elegans）。无机分析使用 ICP-MS 进行元素组成分析，共分析了 34 种元素，其水平根据主成分分析（PCA）分析的生物测定数据进行评估。其他分析包括粉末 X 射线衍射（PXRD）的石棉搜索和多环芳烃（PAHs）和脂肪族化合物（C10-C40）的有机分析。毒性生物测定在海胆（Sphaerechinus granularis）和环节动物（Caenorhabditis elegans）上进行。海胆生物测定评估了表层土壤或街道灰尘样本暴露（0.1 至 0.5%干重/体积）对发育中的胚胎和精子的影响，并评分（a）%发育缺陷，（b）受精成功率抑制和后代损伤，和（c）有丝分裂异常频率。C. elegans 死亡率测定显示与土壤样本相关的显著毒性。在九个地点中的四个地点，样品的整体影响显示出极高的毒性。这些影响与金属和 PAHs 的最高水平一致。需要进一步研究与居民区灰尘暴露相关的健康影响。
