MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013 Jun 7;62(22):437-42.
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) resulting from ergonomic hazards are common in the United States. Recent data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) indicate that in 2011, one third of occupational injuries and illnesses resulting in lost time from work were WMSDs. Based on data from the 2010 BLS Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, a higher rate of WMSDs resulting in lost time from work occurred in the Wholesale and Retail Trade (WRT) industry compared with most other industries. To assess trends and identify WRT subsectors and subgroups associated with high rates of WMSD workers' compensation claims, the Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation (OBWC) and CDC analyzed OBWC claims data for single-location WRT employers in Ohio for the period 2005-2009. From 2005 to 2009, the rate of WMSD claims declined from 86.3 to 52.8 per 10,000 employees. The three WRT industry subsectors with the highest rates of WMSD claims were Merchant Wholesalers, Nondurable Goods; Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores; and Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods. Within those three WRT subsectors, the highest rates of WMSD claims were noted in five subgroups: furniture stores and wholesalers of alcoholic beverages, groceries and related products, metal and minerals, and motor vehicle parts. Providing recommendations for WMSD prevention is particularly important for these WRT subgroups.
工作相关肌肉骨骼疾病（WMSD）是由人体工效学危害引起的，在美国较为常见。美国劳工统计局（BLS）的最新数据显示，2011 年，三分之一因工作导致的受伤和患病时间损失是由 WMSD 引起的。根据 2010 年 BLS 职业伤害和疾病调查的数据，与大多数其他行业相比，批发和零售贸易（WRT）行业因工作导致 WMSD 时间损失的比例更高。为了评估趋势并确定与 WRT 相关的高 WMSD 工人赔偿索赔率的子行业和亚组，俄亥俄州工人赔偿局（OBWC）和 CDC 分析了俄亥俄州单地点 WRT 雇主在 2005-2009 年期间的 OBWC 索赔数据。2005 年至 2009 年，WMSD 索赔率从每 10000 名员工 86.3 例下降到 52.8 例。WRT 行业索赔率最高的三个子行业是：非耐用商品批发商；家具和家用设备商店；耐用商品批发商。在这三个 WRT 子行业中，五个亚组的 WMSD 索赔率最高：家具店和批发商的酒精饮料、杂货和相关产品、金属和矿物以及汽车零部件。为这些 WRT 亚组提供 WMSD 预防建议尤为重要。
