MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Apr 23;70(16):577-582. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7016a1.
Overexertion is a leading cause of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among construction workers. Nearly 90% of construction jobs require manual handling of materials for approximately one half of the worker's time (1). In 2015, overexertion from lifting and lowering materials caused 30% of WMSDs among construction workers; overexertion involving pushing, pulling, holding, carrying, and catching materials caused an additional 37% of WMSDs (1). This study examined the rate and cost of WMSD claims from overexertion among Ohio construction workers during 2007-2017. Workers' compensation claims related to overexertion that were submitted to the Ohio Bureau of Worker's Compensation (OHBWC) by workers in the construction industry for injuries and illnesses occurring during 2007-2017 were analyzed. Rates and costs of allowed claims were measured by age group. Workers aged 35-44 years experienced the highest claim rate: 63 per 10,000 full-time employees (FTEs) for WMSDs from overexertion. However, claims by workers aged 45-54 years and 55-64 years were more costly on average and resulted in more days away from work. Ergonomic design improvements and interventions are needed to ensure that the majority of construction workers can safely perform jobs throughout their careers. Age-specific WMSD prevention and risk communication efforts also might be helpful.
过度劳累是建筑工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾病（WMSD）的主要原因。近 90%的建筑工作需要大约一半的工人时间（1）来手动搬运材料。2015 年，由于抬升和降低材料导致建筑工人 WMSD 占 30%；由于推、拉、持、携带和捕捉材料导致另外 37%的 WMSD（1）。本研究调查了 2007-2017 年期间俄亥俄州建筑工人因过度劳累导致的 WMSD 索赔率和成本。分析了 2007-2017 年间建筑行业工人向俄亥俄州工人赔偿局（OHBWC）提交的与过度劳累有关的工人赔偿索赔，这些索赔涉及受伤和患病。按年龄组衡量了允许索赔的比率和成本。35-44 岁的工人的索赔率最高：每 10000 名全职员工（FTE）中有 63 人因过度劳累导致 WMSD。然而，45-54 岁和 55-64 岁工人的索赔成本更高，平均导致更多的工作日缺勤。需要进行人体工程学设计改进和干预，以确保大多数建筑工人能够在整个职业生涯中安全地完成工作。针对特定年龄组的 WMSD 预防和风险沟通工作也可能会有所帮助。
