Animal Genetic Resources Branch, Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy.
Animal. 2013 Jun;7 Suppl 2:346-62. doi: 10.1017/S1751731113000815.
The livestock sector and agriculture as a whole face unprecedented challenges to increase production while improving the environment. On the basis of a literature review, the paper first discusses challenges related to climate change, food security and other drivers of change in livestock production. On the basis of a recent discourse in ecology, a framework for assessing livestock species' and breeds' vulnerability to climate change is presented. The second part of the paper draws on an analysis of data on breed qualities obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization's Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS) to explore the range of adaptation traits present in today's breed diversity. The analysis produced a first mapping of a range of ascribed adaptation traits of national breed populations. It allowed to explore what National Coordinators understand by 'locally adapted' and other terms that describe general adaptation, to better understand the habitat, fodder and temperature range of each species and to shed light on the environments in which targeted search for adaptation traits could focus.
畜牧业和整个农业部门在提高生产的同时改善环境方面面临前所未有的挑战。本文在文献回顾的基础上，首先讨论了与气候变化、粮食安全和畜牧业生产变化的其他驱动因素有关的挑战。基于生态学的最新论述，提出了一个评估牲畜物种和品种对气候变化脆弱性的框架。本文的第二部分利用从粮农组织家畜多样性信息系统（DAD-IS）获取的品种特性数据进行分析，探讨当今品种多样性中存在的适应特征范围。该分析首次绘制了一系列国家品种群体所具有的归因适应特征图谱。它使人们能够探索各国协调人对“本地适应”和其他描述一般适应的术语的理解，更好地了解每个物种的生境、饲料和温度范围，并阐明有针对性地寻找适应特征的重点环境。
