Biosciences Research Division, Department of Primary Industries, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
Trends Genet. 2013 Apr;29(4):206-14. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2012.11.009. Epub 2012 Dec 19.
As the global population and global wealth both continue to increase, so will the demand for livestock products, especially those that are highly nutritious. However, competition with other uses for land and water resources will also intensify, necessitating more efficient livestock production. In addition, as climate change escalates, reduced methane emissions from cattle and sheep will be a critical goal. Application of new technologies, including genomic selection and advanced reproductive technologies, will play an important role in meeting these challenges. Genomic selection, which enables prediction of the genetic merit of animals from genome-wide SNP markers, has already been adopted by dairy industries worldwide and is expected to double genetic gains for milk production and other traits. Here, we review these gains. We also discuss how the use of whole-genome sequence data should both accelerate the rate of gain and enable rapid discovery and elimination of genetic defects from livestock populations.
随着全球人口和全球财富的持续增长，对牲畜产品的需求也将增加，特别是那些高营养的产品。然而，与土地和水资源的其他用途的竞争也将加剧，这需要更高效的牲畜生产。此外，随着气候变化的加剧，减少牛和羊的甲烷排放将是一个关键目标。应用新技术，包括基因组选择和先进的繁殖技术，将在应对这些挑战中发挥重要作用。基因组选择，即通过全基因组 SNP 标记预测动物的遗传优势，已经在全球的奶制品行业中得到采用，预计将使牛奶产量和其他性状的遗传增益增加一倍。在这里，我们回顾这些收益。我们还讨论了如何使用全基因组序列数据，既能加快增益速度，又能快速发现和消除牲畜种群中的遗传缺陷。
