University of Verona, Department of Biotechnology, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
Metallomics. 2013 Sep;5(9):1117-32. doi: 10.1039/c3mt00038a.
Heavy metals are often present naturally in soils, but many human activities (e.g. mining, agriculture, sewage processing, the metal industry and automobiles) increase their prevalence in the environment resulting in concentrations that are toxic to animals and plants. Excess heavy metals affect plant physiology by inducing stress symptoms, but many plants have adapted to avoid the damaging effects of metal toxicity, using strategies such as metal chelation, transport and compartmentalization. Understanding the molecular basis of heavy metal tolerance in plants will facilitate the development of new strategies to create metal-tolerant crops, biofortified foods and plants suitable for the phytoremediation of contaminated sites.
重金属通常在土壤中自然存在，但许多人类活动（如采矿、农业、污水处理、金属工业和汽车）增加了它们在环境中的存在，导致浓度对动植物有毒。过量的重金属通过诱导胁迫症状来影响植物的生理机能，但许多植物已经适应了，它们使用螯合、运输和区隔等策略来避免金属毒性的破坏作用。了解植物耐重金属的分子基础将有助于开发新的策略，以创造耐金属的作物、生物强化食品和适合污染场地植物修复的植物。
