University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, Center for Gender Research and Early Recognition, c/o Universitätsspital Basel, Switzerland.
Swiss Med Wkly. 2013 May 28;143:w13759. doi: 10.4414/smw.2013.13759. eCollection 2013.
This article presents epidemiological and clinical findings from the Basel research centre parti-cipating in the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Suicidal Behaviour.
Between January 2003 and December 2006, 984 suicide attempts were documented for patients presenting at medical institutions with a suicide attempt.
The mean suicide attempt rate was 164/100,000 inhabitants. Women attempted suicide nearly twice as often as men. The highest suicide attempt rates were found for women aged 20-24 years, for men aged 30-34 years, and for people who were unmarried, of foreign nationality, and of low education or low employment status. 'Soft methods' were used significantly more often than 'hard methods'. Of the suicide attempt methods employed, a relatively high proportion was accounted for by self-poisoning with drugs (X60-64), especially with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, benzodiazepines and antidepressants. Significant gender differences were found in the various methods and in the frequency of psychiatric diagnoses. A total of 98.7% of the attempters were diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder according to ICD-10; 35% suffered from an affective disorder. Men were significantly more frequently affected by substance abuse disorder or psychosis, whereas in women adjustment disorders and personality disorders were diagnosed significantly more often.
This study offers the first published representative data of an entire Swiss county. Established sociodemographic and clinical risk factors for suicide attempts were reproduced. The identification of risk factors contributes to developing local targeted prevention strategies, for example education of risk groups and caregivers, and pharmacolegal consequences for package sizes. Gender- and age-specific prevention and aftercare programmes are indicated.
本文呈现了参与世界卫生组织/欧洲多国自杀行为研究的巴塞尔研究中心的流行病学和临床发现。
在 2003 年 1 月至 2006 年 12 月期间，记录了在医疗机构就诊的自杀未遂患者 984 例。
自杀未遂的平均发生率为 164/100000 居民。女性自杀未遂的频率几乎是男性的两倍。自杀未遂发生率最高的人群是 20-24 岁的女性、30-34 岁的男性、未婚、外国国籍、低教育程度或低就业状态的人群。“软性方法”比“硬性方法”更常被使用。在所采用的自杀未遂方法中，自我用药（X60-64），特别是使用非甾体抗炎药、苯二氮䓬类药物和抗抑郁药，占比较高。不同方法的使用以及精神科诊断的频率存在显著的性别差异。根据 ICD-10，98.7%的企图自杀者被诊断为精神障碍；35%患有情感障碍。男性受物质滥用障碍或精神病的影响显著更大，而女性则更常被诊断为适应障碍和人格障碍。
本研究提供了瑞士全县首个发表的代表性数据。重现了自杀未遂的既定社会人口学和临床风险因素。对风险因素的识别有助于制定当地有针对性的预防策略，例如对高危人群和护理人员进行教育，以及对包装尺寸进行药理学方面的规定。需要制定针对性别和年龄的预防和后续护理计划。
