Angst Jules, Hengartner Michael P, Rogers Jonathan, Schnyder Ulrich, Steinhausen Hans-Christoph, Ajdacic-Gross Vladeta, Rössler Wulf
Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, P.O. Box 1931, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland,
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2014 Oct;264(7):557-65. doi: 10.1007/s00406-014-0500-1. Epub 2014 Mar 30.
Our prospective Zurich study (1978-2008) found that suicidal ideation had occurred in 40.5% and suicide attempts in 6.6% of the population by age 50. Important gender differences were found in both suicidality and its risk factors. Suicide attempts were earlier and more frequent among women than among men: 70 versus 44% reported their first suicide attempt before 20. For women, the relative risk of suicide attempts was 1.6, but the relative risk of suicidal ideation was about equal (1.1 for women). The main risk factors for suicidal ideation in women were low social support (OR 4.0) and frequent punishment in childhood (OR 3.7), and in men, a depressive (OR 6.5) and an anxious personality (OR 4.6). The main risk factors for suicide attempts in women were a broken home (OR 10.2) and sexual abuse/violence (OR 7.9) in childhood; in men, no multivariate analyses of suicide attempt were conducted because of insufficient statistical power.
我们前瞻性的苏黎世研究（1978 - 2008年）发现，到50岁时，40.5%的人群曾有过自杀念头，6.6%的人群曾有过自杀未遂行为。在自杀行为及其风险因素方面均发现了显著的性别差异。女性自杀未遂的时间更早且频率更高：70%的女性报告其首次自杀未遂发生在20岁之前，而男性这一比例为44%。对于女性而言，自杀未遂的相对风险为1.6，但自杀念头的相对风险大致相当（女性为1.1）。女性自杀念头的主要风险因素为社会支持度低（比值比4.0）和童年时期频繁受罚（比值比3.7），而男性的主要风险因素为抑郁型人格（比值比6.5）和焦虑型人格（比值比4.6）。女性自杀未遂的主要风险因素为童年时期家庭破裂（比值比10.2）和遭受性虐待/暴力（比值比7.9）；对于男性，由于统计效力不足，未对自杀未遂进行多变量分析。
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