Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
J Neurophysiol. 2013 Aug;110(4):916-25. doi: 10.1152/jn.00770.2012. Epub 2013 Jun 5.
Locomotor patterns are generally very consistent but also contain a high degree of adaptability. Motor adaptation is a short-term type of learning that utilizes this plasticity to alter locomotor behaviors quickly and transiently. In this study, we used a variation of an adaptation paradigm in order to test whether explicit information as well as the removal of the visual error signal after adaptation could improve retention of a newly learned walking pattern 24 h later. On two consecutive days of testing, participants walked on a treadmill while viewing a visual display that showed erroneous feedback of swing times for each leg. Participants were instructed to use this feedback to monitor and adjust swing times so they appeared symmetric within the display. This was achieved by producing a novel interlimb asymmetry between legs. For both legs, we measured adaptation magnitudes and rates and immediate and 24-h retention magnitudes. Participants showed similar adaptation on both days but a faster rate of readaptation on day 2. There was complete retention of adapted swing times on the increasing leg (i.e., no evidence of performance decay over 24 h). Overall, these findings suggest that the inclusion of explicit information and the removal of the visual error signal are effective in inducing full retention of adapted increases in swing time over a moderate (24 h) interval of time.
运动模式通常非常一致，但也包含高度的适应性。运动适应是一种短期类型的学习，它利用这种可塑性来快速和短暂地改变运动行为。在这项研究中，我们使用了一种适应范式的变体，以测试在适应后是否明确的信息以及视觉误差信号的去除是否可以提高 24 小时后新学习的行走模式的保留。在连续两天的测试中，参与者在跑步机上行走，同时观看一个视觉显示器，该显示器显示每条腿的摆动时间的错误反馈。参与者被指示使用此反馈来监控和调整摆动时间，以便在显示器内看起来对称。这是通过在腿部之间产生新的肢体不对称来实现的。对于两条腿，我们测量了适应幅度和适应率以及即时和 24 小时保留幅度。参与者在两天内表现出相似的适应，但在第二天适应率更快。在增加的腿上完全保留了适应的摆动时间（即，在 24 小时内没有表现出性能下降的证据）。总体而言，这些发现表明，在适度（24 小时）时间间隔内，包含明确信息和去除视觉误差信号可以有效地诱导对摆动时间适应增加的完全保留。
