Psychology Department, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, 5742 Little Hall, Room 301, Orono, ME, 04469-5742, USA,
Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2013 Dec;13(4):830-46. doi: 10.3758/s13415-013-0176-4.
The impact of Parkinson's disease (PD) on rule-guided behavior has received considerable attention in cognitive neuroscience. The majority of research has used PD as a model of dysfunction in frontostriatal networks, but very few attempts have been made to investigate the possibility of adapting common experimental techniques in an effort to identify the conditions that are most likely to facilitate successful performance. The present study investigated a targeted training paradigm designed to facilitate rule learning and application using rule-based categorization as a model task. Participants received targeted training in which there was no selective-attention demand (i.e., stimuli varied along a single, relevant dimension) or nontargeted training in which there was selective-attention demand (i.e., stimuli varied along a relevant dimension as well as an irrelevant dimension). Following training, all participants were tested on a rule-based task with selective-attention demand. During the test phase, PD patients who received targeted training performed similarly to control participants and outperformed patients who did not receive targeted training. As a preliminary test of the generalizability of the benefit of targeted training, a subset of the PD patients were tested on the Wisconsin card sorting task (WCST). PD patients who received targeted training outperformed PD patients who did not receive targeted training on several WCST performance measures. These data further characterize the contribution of frontostriatal circuitry to rule-guided behavior. Importantly, these data also suggest that PD patient impairment, on selective-attention-demanding tasks of rule-guided behavior, is not inevitable and highlight the potential benefit of targeted training.
帕金森病（PD）对规则引导行为的影响在认知神经科学中受到了相当多的关注。大多数研究都将 PD 作为额纹状体网络功能障碍的模型，但很少有尝试去研究是否有可能采用常见的实验技术，以确定最有可能促进成功表现的条件。本研究调查了一种有针对性的训练范式，旨在使用基于规则的分类作为模型任务，促进规则学习和应用。参与者接受了有针对性的训练，其中没有选择性注意需求（即，刺激仅沿着一个相关维度变化），或接受了非靶向训练，其中有选择性注意需求（即，刺激沿着相关维度和不相关维度变化）。在训练后，所有参与者都在具有选择性注意需求的基于规则的任务上进行测试。在测试阶段，接受有针对性训练的 PD 患者的表现与对照组相似，并且优于未接受有针对性训练的患者。作为对有针对性训练益处的普遍性的初步测试，PD 患者的一个子集在威斯康星卡片分类任务（WCST）上进行了测试。接受有针对性训练的 PD 患者在几个 WCST 表现指标上的表现优于未接受有针对性训练的 PD 患者。这些数据进一步描述了额纹状体电路对规则引导行为的贡献。重要的是，这些数据还表明，PD 患者在具有选择性注意需求的规则引导行为任务上的损伤并非不可避免，并强调了有针对性训练的潜在益处。
