Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Campus de Luminy, Marseille, France.
Science. 2013 Jun 7;340(6137):1185-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1235249.
Epithelia are robust tissues that support the structure of embryos and organs and serve as effective barriers against pathogens. Epithelia also chemically separate different physiological environments. These vital functions require tight association between cells through the assembly of junctions that mechanically stabilize the tissue. Remarkably, epithelia are also dynamic and can display a fluid behavior. Cells continuously die or divide, thereby allowing functional tissue homeostasis. Epithelial cells can change shape or intercalate as tissues deform during morphogenesis. We review the mechanical basis of tissue robustness and fluidity, with an emphasis on the pivotal role of junction dynamics. Tissue fluidity emerges from local active stresses acting at cell interfaces and allows the maintenance of epithelial organization during morphogenesis and tissue renewal.
上皮组织是一种坚固的组织，它为胚胎和器官提供结构支持，并充当抵御病原体的有效屏障。上皮组织还通过化学方式将不同的生理环境分隔开。这些重要的功能需要通过细胞连接的紧密连接来实现，这种连接可以机械地稳定组织。值得注意的是，上皮组织也是动态的，可以表现出流动的行为。细胞不断死亡或分裂，从而允许功能性组织的动态平衡。在上皮组织发生形态发生和组织更新时，细胞可以改变形状或插入，以适应组织的变形。我们综述了组织坚固性和流动性的力学基础，重点介绍了连接动态的关键作用。组织的流动性源于作用于细胞界面的局部主动应力，这使得上皮组织在形态发生和组织更新过程中保持组织的完整性。
