Zhou Liang, Xu Jian-Gang, Sun Dong-Qi, Ni Tian-Hua
School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2013 Feb;34(2):547-54.
Agricultural non-point source pollution is of importance in river deterioration. Thus identifying and concentrated controlling the key source-areas are the most effective approaches for non-point source pollution control. This study adopts inventory method to analysis four kinds of pollution sources and their emissions intensity of the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in 173 counties (cities, districts) in Huaihe River Basin. The four pollution sources include livestock breeding, rural life, farmland cultivation, aquacultures. The paper mainly addresses identification of non-point polluted sensitivity areas, key pollution sources and its spatial distribution characteristics through cluster, sensitivity evaluation and spatial analysis. A geographic information system (GIS) and SPSS were used to carry out this study. The results show that: the COD, TN and TP emissions of agricultural non-point sources were 206.74 x 10(4) t, 66.49 x 10(4) t, 8.74 x 10(4) t separately in Huaihe River Basin in 2009; the emission intensity were 7.69, 2.47, 0.32 t.hm-2; the proportions of COD, TN, TP emissions were 73%, 24%, 3%. The paper achieves that: the major pollution source of COD, TN and TP was livestock breeding and rural life; the sensitivity areas and priority pollution control areas among the river basin of non-point source pollution are some sub-basins of the upper branches in Huaihe River, such as Shahe River, Yinghe River, Beiru River, Jialu River and Qingyi River; livestock breeding is the key pollution source in the priority pollution control areas. Finally, the paper concludes that pollution type of rural life has the highest pollution contribution rate, while comprehensive pollution is one type which is hard to control.
农业面源污染对河流恶化具有重要影响。因此，识别并集中控制关键源区是控制面源污染最有效的途径。本研究采用清单法分析了淮河流域173个县（市、区）的四种污染源及其化学需氧量（COD）、总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）的排放强度。这四种污染源包括畜禽养殖、农村生活、农田种植、水产养殖。本文主要通过聚类、敏感性评价和空间分析来识别面源污染敏感区、关键污染源及其空间分布特征。利用地理信息系统（GIS）和SPSS开展本研究。结果表明：2009年淮河流域农业面源COD、TN和TP排放量分别为206.74×10⁴t、66.49×10⁴t、8.74×10⁴t；排放强度分别为7.69、2.47、0.32t·hm⁻²；COD、TN、TP排放量占比分别为73%、24%、3%。研究得出：COD、TN和TP的主要污染源是畜禽养殖和农村生活；淮河流域面源污染的敏感区和优先污染控制区是淮河上游支流的一些子流域，如沙河、颍河、北汝河、贾鲁河和淠河；畜禽养殖是优先污染控制区的关键污染源。最后，本文得出结论：农村生活污染类型的污染贡献率最高，而综合污染是一种难以控制的污染类型。
