Jäger M, Luttmann A, Laurig W
Abteilung Ergonomie, Universität Dortmund.
Orthopade. 1990 Jun;19(3):132-9.
The health consequences of long-term professional activity in loading for transport were investigated in an epidemiological study. This involved determining the frequency of orthopedic diseases within a series of transport workers and comparing it with the disease frequency in a comparable group with the same age distribution. The frequency of orthopedic diseases in transport workers is about 22% higher than in the other group. Most of the findings relate to the lower lumbar spine. An increase in the number of diseases can be observed in the transport workers even after a short period of professional activity. In order to examine the possible cause for the increased frequency of disease, the load on the lower lumbar spine was determined quantitatively using biomechanical model calculations. A three-dimensional biomechanical model that allows examination of both static and dynamic load was developed for this purpose. The influence of posture, the mass of the load to be transferred, and the acceleration of the load and the body on the mechanical spinal load were examined as typical examples of load manipulation. In the assessment of load, the compressive forces calculated were compared with the strength of the spinal elements. The compression forces on the lower lumbar spine are of the same order of magnitude as the strength. The high mechanical load can therefore be regarded as a possible cause of the high frequency of disease among persons whose professional activity involves lifting heavy loads.
在一项流行病学研究中，对长期从事运输装载工作的职业活动所带来的健康后果进行了调查。这包括确定一系列运输工人中骨科疾病的发生率，并将其与年龄分布相同的可比组中的疾病发生率进行比较。运输工人中骨科疾病的发生率比另一组高出约22%。大多数研究结果与下腰椎有关。即使在短时间的职业活动后，也能观察到运输工人中疾病数量的增加。为了研究疾病发生率增加的可能原因，使用生物力学模型计算对下腰椎的负荷进行了定量测定。为此开发了一个三维生物力学模型，该模型可以检查静态和动态负荷。作为负荷操纵的典型例子，研究了姿势、要搬运的负荷质量以及负荷和身体的加速度对脊柱机械负荷的影响。在负荷评估中，将计算出的压缩力与脊柱元件的强度进行了比较。下腰椎上的压缩力与强度处于同一数量级。因此，对于职业活动涉及搬运重物的人群中疾病发生率较高的情况，高机械负荷可被视为一个可能的原因。
