Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013 Dec 1;133(2):295-304. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.05.012. Epub 2013 Jun 6.
Worldwide, cannabis is the most prevalently used illegal drug and creates demand for prevention and treatment services that cannot be fulfilled using conventional approaches. Computer and Internet-based interventions may have the potential to meet this need. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the literature and conducted a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of this approach in reducing the frequency of cannabis use.
We systematically searched online databases (Medline, PubMed, PsychINFO, Embase) for eligible studies and conducted a meta-analysis. Studies had to use a randomized design, be delivered either via the Internet or computer and report separate outcomes for cannabis use. The principal outcome measure was the frequency of cannabis use.
Data were extracted from 10 studies and the meta-analysis involved 10 comparisons with 4,125 participants. The overall effect size was small but significant, g=0.16 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09-0.22, P<0.001) at post-treatment. Subgroup analyses did not reveal significant subgroup differences for key factors including type of analysis (intention-to-treat, completers only), type of control (active, waitlist), age group (11-16, 17+ years), gender composition (female only, mixed), type of intervention (prevention, 'treatment'), guided versus unguided programs, mode of delivery (Internet, computer), individual versus family dyad and venue (home, research setting). Also, no significant moderation effects were found for number of sessions and time to follow-up. Finally, there was no evidence of publication bias.
Internet and computer interventions appear to be effective in reducing cannabis use in the short-term albeit based on data from few studies and across diverse samples.
在全球范围内，大麻是最普遍使用的非法药物，因此需要提供预防和治疗服务，但传统方法无法满足这一需求。基于计算机和互联网的干预措施可能有潜力满足这一需求。因此，我们系统地回顾了文献，并对这种方法在减少大麻使用频率方面的有效性进行了荟萃分析。
我们系统地搜索了在线数据库（Medline、PubMed、PsychINFO、Embase）中的合格研究，并进行了荟萃分析。研究必须采用随机设计，通过互联网或计算机进行，并报告大麻使用的单独结果。主要结局指标是大麻使用的频率。
从 10 项研究中提取数据，荟萃分析涉及 10 项比较，共有 4125 名参与者。总体效应量较小但有统计学意义，g=0.16（95%置信区间 0.09-0.22，P<0.001），在治疗后。亚组分析未发现关键因素的显著亚组差异，包括分析类型（意向治疗、仅完成者）、对照组类型（主动、候补名单）、年龄组（11-16 岁、17 岁及以上）、性别构成（仅女性、混合）、干预类型（预防、“治疗”）、有指导与无指导的方案、交付方式（互联网、计算机）、个体与家庭对子、以及场所（家庭、研究场所）。此外，在疗程数量和随访时间方面也没有发现显著的调节效应。最后，没有证据表明存在发表偏倚。
互联网和计算机干预措施在短期内似乎有效，可以减少大麻的使用，尽管这些数据来自少数研究，且涉及不同的样本。
