Mistretta Virginie, Charlier Corinne
Service de toxicologie clinique, médico-légale, de l'environnement et en entreprise, CHU de Liège, Belgique.
Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 2013 May-Jun;71(3):257-67. doi: 10.1684/abc.2013.0820.
Biological monitoring, also called biomonitoring, is a process to prevent and assess health risk for individuals exposed to chemical products present in environment or through workplace exposure. Biomonitoring is most often a monitoring of exposure or of effect. The exposure monitoring is currently the most widespread in toxicology. It involves the determination in biological fluids of different biomarkers, most of which are biomarkers of internal dose. These biological indicators are typically measured in blood and urine, but other biological samples can be analyzed. They are used to assess the penetration of environmental pollutants into the body. Assay results are interpreted in relation to reference values which are adapted either to occupationally exposed populations, or to general population. This interpretation and the choice of appropriate biomarker of exposure are not always obvious. Biomonitoring has some limitations despite its many advantages. It is complementary to another health prevention approach: the monitoring of ambient air. To illustrate in practice the biomonitoring of exposure, several examples of toxics and their associated biomarkers are reviewed: benzene, toluene, styrene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chloroform, 2-hexanone and hydrogen cyanide.
生物监测，也称为生物监视，是一个针对接触环境中存在的化学产品或通过工作场所接触化学产品的个体预防和评估健康风险的过程。生物监测通常是对接触情况或影响的监测。目前，接触监测在毒理学中最为普遍。它涉及在生物体液中测定不同的生物标志物，其中大多数是内剂量生物标志物。这些生物指标通常在血液和尿液中进行测量，但也可以分析其他生物样本。它们用于评估环境污染物进入人体的情况。检测结果会根据适用于职业接触人群或一般人群的参考值进行解释。这种解释以及选择合适的接触生物标志物并不总是显而易见的。尽管生物监测有许多优点，但也存在一些局限性。它是另一种健康预防方法——环境空气监测的补充。为了在实践中说明接触生物监测，本文回顾了几种毒物及其相关生物标志物的例子：苯、甲苯、苯乙烯、多环芳烃、氯仿、2-己酮和氰化氢。
