Pino-López Manuel, Romero-Ayuso Dulce M
Atención Temprana, Centro Base de Atención a Personas con Discapacidad de Ciudad Real, Consejería de Sanidad y Asuntos Sociales, Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, España.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2013 Jan-Feb;87(1):73-85. doi: 10.4321/S1135-57272013000100008.
Studies of siblings and twins suggest a genetic component of autism that does not fully explain its current increase. The aim is to investigate whether environmental factors such as exposure to occupational hazards (night work, handling of solvents and/or electromagnetic fields) increases the likelihood of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children.
Observational case control study by analyzing the records of 206 children (age between 16 and 36 months) evaluated in the Early Intervention Service of Ciudad Real (70 with ASD and 136 unaffected children). To assess the risk of ASD associated with night work, handling of solvents and/or electromagnetic fields, odds ratio (OR) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
The risk of ASD is multiplied by 2.22 when one parent works in the studied occupations (OR=2.22, 95% CI=1.42-3.48), highlighting work with solvents (OR=2.81, 95% CI=1.28-6.17) and night work (OR=2.18, 95% CI=1.21-3.93). It is multiplied by 3 if the mother's job is one of these occupations (OR=3, 95% CI=1.44-6.26), standing out night work (OR=3.47, 95% CI=1.39-8.63), and handling of solvents (OR=2.88, 95% CI=1.28-6.17); whereas it is multiplied by 1.94 if the father works in these occupations (OR=1.94, 95% CI=1.07-3.53), standing out handling of solvents (OR=2.81, 95% CI=1.01-7.86). A positive association between the educational level of parents and ASD is found.
The results show a significant relationship between the exposure of the parents to occupational hazards and ASD in the children, suggesting the involvement of genetic alterations caused by environmental factors in the origin of the disorder.
对兄弟姐妹和双胞胎的研究表明，自闭症存在遗传因素，但这并不能完全解释其目前的发病率上升情况。目的是调查诸如接触职业危害（夜班工作、接触溶剂和/或电磁场）等环境因素是否会增加儿童患自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的可能性。
通过分析在雷阿尔城早期干预服务中心接受评估的206名儿童（年龄在16至36个月之间）的记录进行观察性病例对照研究（70名患有ASD，136名未受影响的儿童）。为评估与夜班工作、接触溶剂和/或电磁场相关的ASD风险，计算比值比（OR）及95%置信区间（CI）。
当父母一方从事所研究职业时，患ASD的风险乘以2.22（OR = 2.22，95% CI = 1.42 - 3.48），其中接触溶剂工作（OR = 2.81，95% CI = 1.28 - 六万一千七百）和夜班工作（OR = 2.18，95% CI = 1.21 - 3.93）尤为突出。如果母亲的工作是这些职业之一，风险乘以3（OR = 3，95% CI = 1.44 - 6.26），其中夜班工作（OR = 3.47，95% CI = 1.39 - 8.63）和接触溶剂工作（OR = 2.88，95% CI = 1.28 - 6.17）尤为突出；而如果父亲从事这些职业，风险乘以1.94（OR = 1.94，95% CI = 1.07 - 3.53），其中接触溶剂工作（OR = 2.81，95% CI = 1.01 - 7.86）尤为突出。研究发现父母的教育水平与ASD之间存在正相关。
结果表明父母接触职业危害与儿童患ASD之间存在显著关系，提示环境因素导致的基因改变在该疾病的发病过程中起作用。
