Machura Edyta, Jońska-Golus Monika, Krakowczyk Helena, Kasperska-Zając Alicja, Ziora Katarzyna
Katedra i Klinika Pediatrii, ul. 3 Maja 13/15, 41-800 Zabrze.
Med Wieku Rozwoj. 2013 Jan-Mar;17(1):64-71.
Data concerning the epidemiology, etiology and clinical course of childhood urticaria are still under discussion.
To investigate the clinical presentation of urticaria in hospitalized children and to define its possible etiologies.
Ninety eight children (male/female 42/57) aged 0.2-17.6 years, (mean age 8.22±0.55) hospitalized due to urticaria were included in the study. The nature and localization of skin lesions, accompanying diseases and diagnostic test results were analyzed.
Sixty nine children (70.4%) were diagnosed as having acute, 22 (22.5%) acute recurrent and 7 (7.1%) chronic urticaria. Allergic diseases, family history of atopy and adenoid hypertrophy and/or chronic tonsillitis were present respectively in 10 (10.2%), 28 (28.6%), 21 (21.4%) children. In 32 children (46.3%) with acute urticaria, in 8 (36.3%) with recurrent and in 2 (28.5%) with chronic urticaria skin lesions covered the whole body. Serum C-reactive protein and leukocyte levels in children with acute urticaria were significantly higher compared to children with chronic urticaria (p<0.05). The serum IgE levels, the percentage and absolute count of eosinophils were similar in different forms of urticaria. Probable etiology in 62/69 children with acute urticaria (respiratory tract infections - 43, drugs - 8, lambliosis - 6, food allergy - 2, antiallergy shots - 2, urinary tract infection - 1 child), in 9/22 children with recurrent urticaria (respiratory tract infection - 7, lambliosis - 2 children) and in 3/7 children with chronic urticaria (physical urticaria - 2, urinary tract infection - 1 child) was determined.
Among children with urticaria, the most frequent cause for hospitalization is acute urticaria. The outbreak of hives wheels is usually triggered by upper respiratory tract infection. IgE-related allergy is a rare reason of childhood urticaria. In more than 50% of cases of recurrent and chronic urticaria the etiology was not determined.
关于儿童荨麻疹的流行病学、病因及临床病程的数据仍存在争议。
研究住院儿童荨麻疹的临床表现并确定其可能病因。
本研究纳入了98名因荨麻疹住院的儿童（男42名/女57名），年龄在0.2至17.6岁之间（平均年龄8.22±0.55岁）。分析了皮肤损害的性质和部位、伴随疾病及诊断检查结果。
69名儿童（70.4%）被诊断为急性荨麻疹，22名（22.5%）为急性复发性荨麻疹，7名（7.1%）为慢性荨麻疹。分别有10名（10.2%）、28名（28.6%）、21名（21.4%）儿童患有过敏性疾病、有特应性家族史以及腺样体肥大和/或慢性扁桃体炎。在32名（46.3%）急性荨麻疹儿童、8名（36.3%）复发性荨麻疹儿童和2名（28.5%）慢性荨麻疹儿童中，皮肤损害累及全身。急性荨麻疹儿童的血清C反应蛋白和白细胞水平显著高于慢性荨麻疹儿童（p<0.05）。不同类型荨麻疹的血清IgE水平、嗜酸性粒细胞百分比及绝对计数相似。确定了62/69名急性荨麻疹儿童（呼吸道感染 - 43例、药物 - 8例（原文有误，应为8例）、蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫病 - 6例、食物过敏 - 2例、抗过敏注射 - 2例、尿路感染 - 1例）、9/22名复发性荨麻疹儿童（呼吸道感染 - 7例、蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫病 - 2例）和3/7名慢性荨麻疹儿童（物理性荨麻疹 - 2例、尿路感染 - 1例）的可能病因。
在荨麻疹儿童中，住院最常见的原因是急性荨麻疹。风团疹的发作通常由上呼吸道感染引发。IgE相关过敏是儿童荨麻疹的罕见原因。在超过50%的复发性和慢性荨麻疹病例中病因未明确。 （注：原文中“antiallergy shots - 2”疑似有误，按照语境推测可能是“drugs - 8”，翻译时保留了原文错误信息并在括号中注明）
