Frodi A, Grolnick W, Bridges L, Berko J
Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York.
Adolescence. 1990 Summer;25(98):363-74.
This study compared infant-mother attachment and mastery motivation in one-year-old babies born to adolescent and adult mothers. In the laboratory, the infants' mastery motivation was assessed in an experimenter-administered structured toy play session and infant-mother attachment was classified on the basis of the strange situation procedure. The results indicated that there were more, although not significantly so, securely attached infants among those born to adult than to adolescent mothers (70% as compared to 53%). The relatively low number of securely attached infants in the adolescent mother group may reflect the fact that in many cases the mothers were not the primary caretakers. Among the adolescents, the majority were living with their family of origin. Nevertheless, their infants' motivation to master the environment, assessed independently, compared favorably with that of the adult mother group. Infants of adolescent mothers were significantly more persistent than were those born to adult mothers, although they were affectively less positive during the toy play. It is suggested that the socioemotional development of infants born to adolescent mothers may be buffered by a network containing multiple caretakers. Finally, the relationship between attachment and mastery motivation was examined. The results showed that infants with an avoidant or secure attachment relationship were more persistent as well as competent than were ambivalent infants during free play.
本研究比较了青春期母亲和成年母亲所生一岁婴儿的母婴依恋及掌握动机。在实验室中，通过实验者主导的结构化玩具游戏环节评估婴儿的掌握动机，并根据陌生情境程序对母婴依恋进行分类。结果表明，成年母亲所生孩子中安全依恋婴儿的数量更多（虽无显著差异），与青春期母亲所生孩子相比为70%对53%。青春期母亲组中安全依恋婴儿数量相对较少，这可能反映出在许多情况下母亲并非主要照料者这一事实。在青少年中，大多数人与原生家庭生活在一起。然而，独立评估发现，他们的婴儿掌握环境的动机与成年母亲组的婴儿相比毫不逊色。青春期母亲的婴儿比成年母亲的婴儿更具坚持性，尽管在玩具游戏期间他们的情感积极性较低。研究表明，青春期母亲所生孩子的社会情感发展可能受到包含多个照料者的网络的缓冲。最后，研究了依恋与掌握动机之间的关系。结果显示，在自由游戏期间，具有回避型或安全型依恋关系的婴儿比矛盾型婴儿更具坚持性和能力。
