Mylonas Anastassios I, Poulakou-Rebelakou Eleftheria-Fotini, Androutsos Georgios I, Seggas Ioannis, Skouteris Christos A, Papadopoulou Evangelia Chr
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Assist. Prof. Dr. Dr. F.H. Tzerbos), "Metropolitan" Hospital, N. Faliro, Piraeus, Greece; Department of History and Philosophy of Medicine (Head: Assoc. Prof. Dr. G.I. Androutsos), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
Department of History and Philosophy of Medicine (Head: Assoc. Prof. Dr. G.I. Androutsos), School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2014 Mar;42(2):159-68. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2013.04.006. Epub 2013 Jun 10.
Byzantine physicians (4th-7th and 8th-12th centuries A.D.), especially those interested in Surgery, developed a number of interesting concepts, views and opinions referring to the field now recognized as Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery and Pathology.
The original texts of Byzantine physicians, written in ancient Greek, and now preserved in the electronic platform Thesaurus Linguae Graecae, at the University of California, Irvine, CA, USA, were investigated in relation to Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery and Pathology.
The most eminent physicians of the Early (4th-7th century A.D.) and Middle (8th-12th century A.D.) Byzantine Period, in particular Oribasius Pergamenus, Aëtius Amidenus, Alexander Trallianus, Theophilus Protospatharius, Paulus Aegineta, Meletius Monachos, and Leo Medicus, in their works deal with topographic and surgical anatomy of the head and neck, and a large list of related topics, including dentoalveolar surgery, oral and cervicofacial infections, trauma of viscerocranium and neurocranium as well as the biomechanics of traumatic brain injuries, temporomandibular joints dysfunction as a consequence of mandibular dislocation, surgical oncology and reconstructive surgery of the head and neck, oral pathology, surgical pathology of salivary glands, therapeutic management of facial nerve dysfunction, preprosthetic surgery, craniofacial surgery, and deformities of the facial skeleton involving anthropologic and craniometric observations. Clinical examination of patients presenting corresponding functional and esthetic problems is considered, using recognizable orthodontic and orthognathic surgical approaches. Finally, specific bandages of the head and neck are described, for treating traumatic injuries of the viscerocranium and neurocranium, diastasis of the cranial sutures, dislocations of the mandible (unilateral and bilateral), as well as inflammatory diseases of the parotids and the neck.
Byzantine physicians had been particularly interested in various subjects of the mouth, jaws, face, and head and neck in general, in the frame of course of their general surgery practice.
拜占庭时期的医生（公元4至7世纪以及8至12世纪），尤其是那些对外科手术感兴趣的医生，提出了一些与现在被认为是口腔颌面外科和病理学领域相关的有趣概念、观点和见解。
研究了拜占庭医生用古希腊语撰写的原始文本，这些文本现保存在美国加利福尼亚大学欧文分校的电子平台《希腊语宝库》中，内容涉及口腔颌面外科和病理学。
拜占庭早期（公元4至7世纪）和中期（公元8至12世纪）最杰出的医生，特别是佩加蒙的奥里巴西乌斯、阿米达的埃提乌斯、特拉勒斯的亚历山大、第一侍卫长西奥菲勒斯、保罗·埃吉内塔、修士梅莱蒂乌斯和医生利奥，在他们的著作中论述了头颈部的局部解剖和手术解剖，以及大量相关主题，包括牙槽外科、口腔和颈面部感染、面颅和脑颅创伤以及创伤性脑损伤的生物力学、下颌脱位导致的颞下颌关节功能障碍、头颈部的外科肿瘤学和重建手术、口腔病理学、唾液腺手术病理学、面神经功能障碍的治疗管理、修复前手术、颅面外科以及涉及人类学和颅骨测量观察的面部骨骼畸形。考虑了使用可识别的正畸和正颌外科方法对出现相应功能和美学问题的患者进行临床检查。最后，描述了用于治疗面颅和脑颅创伤、颅骨缝分离、下颌骨脱位（单侧和双侧）以及腮腺和颈部炎症性疾病的特定头颈部绷带。
拜占庭医生在其普通外科实践过程中，尤其对口、颌、面以及整个头颈部的各种主题感兴趣。
