Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
J Vet Intern Med. 2013 Jul-Aug;27(4):977-81. doi: 10.1111/jvim.12124. Epub 2013 Jun 12.
Arsenic toxicosis is uncommon in cattle and successful treatment is rarely reported.
This analysis reviews all cases of acute arsenic toxicosis in cattle reported in the literature and describes cases from Purdue University that had a favorable outcome. Clinical presentation of the disease, treatments, and variables associated with survival are described.
One hundred and fifty-six cattle with arsenic toxicosis from 16 outbreaks.
Meta-analysis.
The most common clinical signs were sudden death (68%), diarrhea (33%), ataxia (29%), dehydration (22%), and respiratory distress (4%). The most common clinicopathologic abnormalities included azotemia (100%), hematuria (100%), increased liver enzyme activity (86%), and increased hematocrit (60%). One percent of cattle survived and the survival time for nonsurvivors ranged from 20 hours to 21 days. None of the clinical signs or clinicopathologic findings was associated with survival. Treatment was attempted in 24% of cases and was not associated with survival (P = .055), but administration of an antidote and administration of fluids were associated with better outcome (P = .036 and P = .009, respectively). In the animals presented to Purdue University, treatment with IV fluids and sodium thiosulfate resulted in decreased blood arsenic concentrations in all animals (P = .009) and a survival rate of 50%.
Although acute arsenic toxicosis has a poor prognosis, survival is possible if aggressive fluid therapy and antidotes are administered.
砷中毒在牛中较为少见，成功治疗的案例也很少见。
本分析回顾了文献中所有报道的牛急性砷中毒病例，并描述了来自普渡大学的治疗效果良好的病例。描述了疾病的临床症状、治疗方法以及与生存相关的变量。
16 起暴发事件中 156 头砷中毒牛。
荟萃分析。
最常见的临床症状是突然死亡（68%）、腹泻（33%）、共济失调（29%）、脱水（22%）和呼吸困难（4%）。最常见的临床病理异常包括氮血症（100%）、血尿（100%）、肝酶活性升高（86%）和红细胞压积升高（60%）。只有 1%的牛存活，且死亡时间范围从 20 小时到 21 天不等。没有任何临床症状或临床病理发现与生存相关。只有 24%的病例尝试了治疗，但与生存无关（P=0.055），但使用解毒剂和输液与更好的结果相关（P=0.036 和 P=0.009）。在普渡大学就诊的动物中，静脉输液和硫代硫酸钠治疗使所有动物的血液砷浓度降低（P=0.009），存活率为 50%。
尽管急性砷中毒预后较差，但如果给予积极的液体治疗和解毒剂，仍有可能存活。
