Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
J Virol. 2013 Sep;87(18):9966-72. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00460-13. Epub 2013 Jun 12.
The autophagic degradation pathway is a powerful tool in the host cell arsenal against cytosolic pathogens. Contents trapped inside cytosolic vesicles, termed autophagosomes, are delivered to the lysosome for degradation. In spite of the degradative nature of the pathway, some pathogens are able to subvert autophagy for their benefit. In many cases, these pathogens have developed strategies to induce the autophagic signaling pathway while inhibiting the associated degradation activity. One surprising finding from recent literature is that some viruses do not impede degradation but instead promote the generation of degradative autolysosomes, which are the endpoint compartments of autophagy. Dengue virus, poliovirus, and hepatitis C virus, all positive-strand RNA viruses, utilize the maturation of autophagosomes into acidic and ultimately degradative compartments to promote their replication. While the benefits that each virus reaps from autophagosome maturation are unique, the parallels between the viruses indicate a complex relationship between cytosolic viruses and host cell degradation vesicles.
自噬降解途径是宿主细胞对抗细胞溶质病原体的有力工具。被捕获在细胞溶质小泡（称为自噬体）内的内容物被递送到溶酶体进行降解。尽管该途径具有降解性质，但一些病原体能够为了自身利益而颠覆自噬。在许多情况下，这些病原体已经开发出策略来诱导自噬信号通路，同时抑制相关的降解活性。最近文献中的一个令人惊讶的发现是，一些病毒不会阻碍降解，而是促进产生降解性自噬溶酶体，这是自噬的终点隔室。登革热病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒和丙型肝炎病毒都是正链 RNA 病毒，它们利用自噬体成熟为酸性最终降解隔室来促进自身复制。虽然每种病毒从自噬体成熟中获得的益处是独特的，但病毒之间的相似之处表明细胞溶质病毒和宿主细胞降解小泡之间存在复杂的关系。
