Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265 - Jardim Nazareth. CEP 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
Biol Res. 2013;46(1):53-7. doi: 10.4067/S0716-97602013000100008.
The greatest diversity of anurans in the world is in Brazil and one of the major challenges is to reconcile the accelerated economic development with strategies that aim to maintain this diversity in forest fragments, often representing ESUs of some biomes. This study aimed to obtain data that will support conservation projects through the pioneering use of ISSR analysis in Neotropical anurans, estimating the intra- and interpopulation genetic diversity of four populations of P. cuvieri (Paraná and São Paulo regions). Of the 65 loci scored 58 were polymorphic, with 0.797 intrapopulation variation and 0.203 interpopulation variation. The index of interpopulation genetic differentiation (FST) proved to be high among the population of Marmeleiro-PR and the three populations of SP (FST > 0.288); genetic dissimilarity was related to the geographical distance. The ISSR proved to be efficient and useful molecular markers in comparison with other markers most widely used for preliminary diagnosis of genetic diversity in populations of amphibians, and could be applied as a tool for future conservation projects, since they could identify potential ESUs and influence decisions on the preservation of fragments.
全球范围内，蛙类的多样性最丰富的地区是巴西，其中一个主要的挑战是协调加速的经济发展与旨在维持森林碎片多样性的战略，这些森林碎片通常代表着某些生物群落的 ESUs。本研究旨在通过在新热带蛙类中开创性地使用 ISSR 分析来获取支持保护项目的数据，评估四种 P. cuvieri 种群（巴拉那州和圣保罗州）的种群内和种群间遗传多样性。在评分的 65 个位点中，有 58 个多态性，种群内变异为 0.797，种群间变异为 0.203。马梅勒罗-PR 种群与 SP 的三个种群之间的种群间遗传分化指数（FST）证明很高（FST>0.288）；遗传差异与地理距离有关。与其他常用于初步诊断两栖动物种群遗传多样性的标记物相比，ISSR 被证明是高效且有用的分子标记物，并且可以作为未来保护项目的工具，因为它们可以识别潜在的 ESUs，并影响对碎片保存的决策。
