表观遗传学改变和 microRNAs：骨髓增生异常综合征发病机制中的新角色。
Epigenetic alterations and microRNAs: new players in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes.
机构信息
Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute; Hematology Unit; Athens University Medical School; "Attikon" University General Hospital; Athens, Greece.
出版信息
Epigenetics. 2013 Jun;8(6):561-70. doi: 10.4161/epi.24897. Epub 2013 May 9.
The term epigenetics refers to the heritable changes in gene expression that do not represent changes in DNA sequence. DNA methylation and histone modification are the best studied epigenetic mechanisms. However, microRNAs, which affect gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, should be considered as members of the epigenetic machinery too. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clone disorders of the hematopoietic stem cell with increased risk of leukemic transformation. Over the years, increased number of studies indicates the role of epigenetic mechanisms, including microRNAs, in MDS pathogenesis and prognosis. Indeed, epigenetic therapy with demethylating agents has already been applied to MDS. In this review we summarize current knowledge on the role of epigenetic alterations in MDS pathogenesis and treatment.
表观遗传学是指基因表达的可遗传变化，而不代表 DNA 序列的变化。DNA 甲基化和组蛋白修饰是研究得最好的表观遗传机制。然而，microRNAs 也应该被视为表观遗传机制的成员，因为它们在转录后水平影响基因表达。骨髓增生异常综合征 (MDS) 是造血干细胞的克隆疾病，具有白血病转化的高风险。多年来，越来越多的研究表明，表观遗传机制，包括 microRNAs，在 MDS 的发病机制和预后中发挥作用。事实上，已经应用去甲基化剂的表观遗传治疗来治疗 MDS。在这篇综述中，我们总结了表观遗传改变在 MDS 发病机制和治疗中的作用的最新知识。
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