Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.
PLoS One. 2013 Jun 7;8(6):e66124. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066124. Print 2013.
Demyelination is generally regarded as a consequence of oligodendrocytic cell death. Oligodendrocyte processes that form myelin sheaths may, however, degenerate and regenerate independently of the cell body, in which case cell death does not necessarily occur. We provide here the first evidence of retraction and regeneration of oligodendrocyte processes with no cell death in vitro, using time-lapse imaging. When processes were severed mechanically in vitro, the cells did not undergo cell death and the processes regenerated in 36 h. In a separate experiment, moderate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) stimuli caused process retraction without apparent cell death, and the processes regained their elaborate morphology after NMDA was removed from the culture medium. These results strongly suggest that demyelination and remyelination can take place without concomitant cell death, at least in vitro. Process regeneration may therefore become a target for future therapy of demyelinating disorders.
脱髓鞘通常被认为是少突胶质细胞死亡的结果。然而，形成髓鞘的少突胶质细胞突起可能会在不影响细胞体的情况下退化和再生，在这种情况下，细胞不一定会死亡。在这里，我们通过延时成像首次提供了体外无细胞死亡的少突胶质细胞突起回缩和再生的证据。当在体外机械切断突起时，细胞不会发生死亡，并且突起在 36 小时内再生。在另一个实验中，适度的 N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸 (NMDA) 刺激导致突起回缩而没有明显的细胞死亡，并且在培养基中去除 NMDA 后，突起恢复了其精细形态。这些结果强烈表明，脱髓鞘和再髓鞘化可以在没有伴随细胞死亡的情况下发生，至少在体外是这样。因此，突起再生可能成为脱髓鞘疾病未来治疗的靶点。
